| Since1999, China has entered the aging society. The sixth national population census' data in2010shows that China has had178million old people aged60and above, the proportion of the population is13.26%; and has had119million old people aged65and above, the proportion of the population is8.87%; it is expected that in2020Chinese aging population total amount will reach about248million, accounting for17.17%. With the degree of the aging phenomenon becoming more serious in our country, the social problem of the elderly has become the focus of the government and the public. The proportion of the elderly is increasing, that brings heavy burden to the society, and causes a serious shortage of market supply and the social public expenditure for the elderly, the lack of service standard and the imperfection of the pension system and so on. With the development trend of the aging population to be clear and the aging of population step by step to the advanced age development, the problem of long-term care for the elderly has become more and more serious, especially that how to look after the elderly can't take care of themselves is more urgent.The elderly pension problem caused by China's family planning policy is unique in the world. Chinese social security pension system reform is developing, and how to look after the disable elderly in the city in a long-term time becomes an unavoidable major social problem. There is no doubt that it is a grim challenge for the whole society, that's how to quickly set up the pension system with complete function and perfect structure, aimed at the need of looking after the disable elderly in the city in a long-term time.Under the guidance of Marxist methodology, applying Theory of Demand, Theory of Welfare Economics and Welfare Pluralism, combining with normative research and empirical research, qualitative research and quantitative research, macro research and micro analysis, demographic research and multidisciplinary intervention research, on the base of clarifying theoretical contexts of the problem of long-term care for the elderly in the city, the article analyzes the reason why it is in the trouble that looking after the elderly in the city in a long-term time, displays the basic framework and proposes the development strategy of the system that is long-term care for the disable elderly in the city.The article is divided into eight chapters.The first chapter is an introduction. It mainly introduces why to bring up the problem and the meaning of it, related concepts and theories, research methods, research innovation and shortage. The article offers that China faces huge pressure to pension, and the problem of long-term care for the disable elderly in the city is serious, so the essence of studying the subject is in response to the major problem with practical significance.The second chapter is the theoretical basis and literature review. It mainly reviews theoretical basis and related literature research involved in the article. The foreign literature mainly discusses the need of the elderly and its evaluation, classification and composition of long-term care system. While the domestic literatures mainly discusses the pattern of long-term care for the disable elderly, status and countermeasures of long-term care for the disable elderly in the city, construction and improvement of the system on long-term care for the disable elderly in the city. The literatures focuses on the general and disable elderly, studies the long-term care for related groups from different sides, and offers the result with theoretical and practical significance.The third chapter is abroad successful experience and inspiration of long-term care for the elderly. Research shows that according to its own historical and cultural traditions and specific national conditions, many western developed countries have set up long-term care systems suitable for their actual situations. There is a strong inspiration and reference for our country to establish the system of long-term care for the disable elderly in the city.The fourth chapter is the analysis on our country's condition of long-term care for the disable elderly in the city. Research shows that with the development of a population ageing trend, the size of our country's disable elderly will expand continually, so it is very urgent to solve the problem of long-term care for the disable elderly. Our country's existing service system of long-term care for the elderly is very difficult to effectively cope with the serious situation. And our country's long-term care system has many problems, such as the contradiction between supply and demand, shortage and "vacancy" of beds, and that service content cannot meet the needs of the disable elderly. And then the phenomenon of "reverse selection" is appeared in the service system. Research shows that there is the contradiction between fast increasing of the population of the disable elderly and slowly developing of the long-term care system, diversity of the needs of the disable elderly and simpleness of the level of care.The fifth chapter is the research on the problems about the pattern of long-term care for the disable elderly in the city. At present, there are many problems in the system of long-term care for the disable elderly in the city, includes the main body of service supply, financing mode and system construction. These practical problems should be resolved first.The sixth chapter is the research on the reasons for why our country's pattern of long-term care for the disable elderly in the city is in the trouble. Research shows that the reasons include absence of long-term care policy, shortage of security elements of long-term care and effective demand of long-term care, weakening of the old man's family care function. And these reasons are caused by objective factors or subjective ideas, the process of aging population, and the sharp growth of elderly population in the short term. Through exploring these reasons, it is found out the evidence of the construction of long-term care system.The seventh chapter is to put forward advice on how to set up our country's system of long-term care for the disable elderly in the city. On the strategic level, we should establish new concepts of long-term care in the whole society, define the cooperation and division of government, market and society, establish and improve the guidance laws and regulations on the disable elderly, and speed up the development of long-term care in long-term planning. On the system supply level, we should establish and improve the system of long-term care insurance, the system of long-term care services subsidy, the system of long-term care services management and the supervision mechanism of long-term care evaluation. On the care support system level, we should encourage the development of old-age care institutions, provide diversified and high-quality long-term care services, train high-quality and professional long-term care services, establish and improve elements security supporting system. On the service pattern level, we should establish the pattern of "family, community and institutions" long-term care.The eighth chapter is the conclusion and prospect. The chapter generalizes the basic conclusion, and has an outlook to the future research direction.The theme of the article is how to solve the problem on long-term care for the disable elderly in the city. The article has four parts, which are foundation of research, basic situation, study of the reality and the conclusion. Firstly, the article answers the questions of "why study the theme" and "what is the basis of the study". Secondly, on the analysis of abroad successful experience of long-term care for the disable elderly, the article answers the question of "how about the experience in developed countries". Thirdly, on the analysis on our country's condition of long-term care for the disable elderly in the city, on the analysis the problems about the pattern of long-term care for the disable elderly in the city and the reasons for why our country's mode of long-term care for the disable elderly in the city is in the trouble, the article answers the question of "how serious is the problem". Fourthly, putting forward advice on how to set up our country's system of long-term care for the disable elderly in the city, the article answers the question of "how to solve the problem".The article is given priority to the application research. Firstly, it is a systematic study on the problem of long-term care for the disable elderly, and provides good material to the future research on "population aging" and "pension problem". Secondly, it is to put forward advice on how to set up our country's system of long-term care for the disable elderly in the city. It analyzes on the strategic level, the system supply level, the care support system level, and the service pattern level. The establishment of long-term care system will supply much research data and material to enrich aging of population theory and solve this problem. Thirdly, it systematically summarizes the abroad successful experience and inspiration of long-term care for the disable elderly. According to its own historical and cultural traditions and specific national conditions, the western developed countries have set up long-term care systems suitable for their actual situations. There is a strong inspiration and reference for our country. Fourthly, it is clearly pointed out there is the contradiction between supply and demand on long-term care for the disable elderly in the city, fast increasing of the population of the disable elderly and slowly developing of the long-term care system. And with the future development of population aging, the contradiction between supply and demand will be more prominent.Furthermore, there are some shortcomings in the article. Firstly, there is not enough typical case observation, typical area research and typical method. Being short of time and expenditure, the article is just given a questionnaire to the five districts of Chengdu, as Jinniu District, Qingyang District, Jinjiang District, Wuhou District and Chenghua District, but there is not further observation and thinking in demography, economics and sociology, and it doesn't be used to support the theme of the article. Secondly, there is not enough connection between theory and practice. The article traces the theory origin of the discipline and analyzes these theories, but doesn't give enough combination of practical problem and theory. It should be improved in the further research. Thirdly, there is not enough analysis and summary of experience about long-term care for the disable elderly at home and abroad. The article is more and less involved in the experience of Chinese and western countries, but is remained to be further strengthened the explaining of the theory and operability. And there is not enough comparative and summative research in the experience of Chinese and western countries. |
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