On The Community Governance And Resident Self-governance Of Grass-roots Social Governance In Megacities

The grass-roots social governance will be facing a long-term concern of the public interest demands by a variety of social beneficial subjects.The grass-roots social governance in China's megacities has been gradually developing on the basis of government-led reform of both political and social structures.Currently,the megacities are in an era of economic boost,urban growth,social diversification,cultural integration and conflict,and their resident requires diversified,multi-leveled,and multi-functional public services.The challenges on social governance caused by the rapidly grown floating population,as well as the social stratum polarization and beneficial demand stratification induced by marketization and globalization create a need to involve all subjects in social governance,and to stimulate the social forces to provide a solid fundamental for social governance.Community governance and resident self-governance are identified as the two standing points as well as fundamental components for grass-roots social governance.The development of community governance and resident self-governance will facilitate the improvement and perfection of grass-roots social governance,and vice versa.Shanghai,a representative megacity in China,will be considered for a case study.The present grass-roots social governance in Shanghai is demand-and service-oriented,aiming at development,as well as adaptive to environmental changes,with an emphasis on self-governance by multiple subjects and improvement of the various rules.At the town level,the fundamental mode of grass-roots social governance is "town manages communities," which has been successful.However,problems still exist such as the unclear definitions of "communities" and functions of the grass-roots government.The grass-roots government sometimes takes the charge for everything,leading to insufficiency in financial supports and human resources.It is even more difficult to manage the large-scale residence communities.As mentioned,the present fundamental mode of grass-roots social government for sub-districts in a megacity like Shanghai is community governance and resident self-governance.However,the existing issues are outstanding.The degree of participation of social forces in community governance is still low,which is not sufficient to satisfy the rapid increase in demands of multiple public services.For self-governance,the major problems are the unclear definition,over-loading,and lack of material and human resources of neighborhood committees.The self-governance also lacks breadth and depth.To resolve the aforementioned-problems,the social governance is primarily fulfilled by the central government,the significance of the grass-roots governments in social governance suggests that the innovations in social governance requires transformation of the functions of grass-roots governments.On the one hand,the functions of grass-roots governments will be defined theoretically to facilitate establishment of "society-government cooperation." On the other hand,the functions of grass-roots governments will be practically transformed to improve grass-roots society governance and resident self-governance,and to strength the interactions between them.The relationship between society governance and resident self-governance should be correctly perceived.Resident self-governance is the basis of society governance.To enhance grass-roots social governance of China's megacities will need the ways of community governance and resident self-governance.For the "community governance " approach,firstly,highlight community consultation of co-governance structure need to play a leading function of grassroots party organizations,take the importance of cooperation and the fight against the owners' committee,take the function of social organization,to build a total of equal treatment;secondly,build a new pattern of community cohabitation and improve community co-operation mechanism by strengthening the organization of community;once again,strengthen the operation and functions of the three committees.For the approach of "resident self-governance",firstly,take charge of the actual situation and the characteristics of grassroots self-government;secondly,analyze the mode of neighborhood about how handle various of affairs;again,analyze the basis of grassroots self-government system,to strengthen its institutional basis of self-government.