A Study On The Government Role In County Governance Since The Reform And Opening Up

County government is the most important subject in county governance.Therefore,the role of county government is the central issue of county governance.Since the reform and opening up,a series of changes have taken place in the role of county government in county governance,and its basic track is the transforming to modernization.So,what is the main factor that determines the level of modernization about the county government' role? At this stage,what enlightenment does it bring to the modernization of county governance and the role of county government in China ?In this paper,the degree of modernization about the government'role is determined by the degree of its publicity.For a long time,the publicity of county government has been lacking in varying degrees,resulting in the county government as the people's "public servant" or "service provider" role has not been fully reflected.Therefore,strengthening the publicity is the key of promoting the modernization of county governance.It should provide a good external environment for the transformation of county government behavior and role to modernization by constructing the national governance system.In the internal,optimizing the county governance structure.That is to improve the autonomy of the county government,at the same time,through strengthening democratic participation,strengthening the responsibility of supervision and so on,to constantly enhance the public role of the county government.Taking the role of county government as the basic research perspective,combined with the practice cases of some county governments in Zhejiang Province to promote governance modernization,this paper analyzes the track,influencing factors and existing problems of government role change in county governance since the reform and opening up,and puts forward the basic path to promote the modernization of county governance and government role in China.Since the establishment of the county system in the Qin Dynasty,the county administrative division has become an important level of local government in China.In the long evolution and development of administrative levels,the establishment of county regime has been retained for most of the time,playing an increasingly important role in the whole national governance.In China's current political structure,the county government is at the end of the macro and the top of the micro level.It is the executor of the top-level design of the central government and the executor of provinces and cities.At the same time,it is the commander of leading the township(town),village and group to achieve the governance objectives and benefit the local.This dual role highlights the importance of its status and responsibility.Therefore,the role of county government plays a key role in county governance.It not only affects the choice of county governance mode,but also reflects the level of modernization of county governance.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,the statehas established an all-round government governance model,which constitutes the historical background of the change of government role in County governance after the reform and opening up.The establishment of omnipotent government governance mode is an inevitable choice under specific historical conditions.However,with the development of economy and society,this governance mode has gradually caused a comprehensive crisis of national governance.The reform and opening up,which began at the end of1978,shifted the focus of the state's work from "taking class struggle as the key link" to "focusing on economic construction".This turn has pushed the governance mode and role of government into the track of modernization transformation.At the level of county governance,the county government has experienced three times of distinctive role transformation,namely,from the construction of development oriented government under the guidance of "economic construction as the center",to the construction of service-oriented government guided by "scientific outlook on development",and then to the construction of effective government role guided by the strategy of "modernization of national governance".A series of reforms of streamlining administration and delegating powers adopted by the central government have greatly changed the institutional environment of local governments and promoted the change of county governance mode and government role.The main manifestation is the adjustment of power relations.In the vertical direction,the highly concentrated power has been to streamline and decentralize.In particular,the reform of the financial system has enabled the county government,as the representative of the market and society,to obtain a certain degree of autonomy.Horizontally,with the further development of reform and market economy,the governance mode of county government has gradually changed from "control type" to "governance type".The government gradually transfers part of its power and function to the market and society,which promotes the development of the diversification of governance subject structure.At the same time,the development of democratic politics and the promotion of rule of law also promote the role of county government to gradually transform into democratic participation and rule of law.At present,the decision-making mode,implementation mode and supervision mode of county governance have a significant impact on the role of county government.The structure of decision-making subject in county governance and the decision-making model formed on this basis determine the role and behavior of county government,especially the relationship between the party and the government has a decisive impact on the role and behavior of county government in governance.There are three main implementation modes in county governance,namely bureaucratic implementation mode,mobile implementation mode and informal implementation mode,which directly reflect the role orientation and behavior mode of county government.The supervision mode of county governance affects the role of county government from the outside.At the present stage,there are three relatively prominent problems in county governance in China: firstly,the governance structure is not reasonable enough.It is mainly manifested in the single governance structure,the lack of openness and participation in the governance structure.Secondly,due to the government's self-interest,the mismatch of power and responsibility,the power boundary of county government is blurred,and the role and behavior of the county government show a certain degree of alienation.Finally,the governance of county government has the problem of low degree of legalization and systematism.The existence of these problems,restrict the pace of transformation from the role of county government to modernization in different degree.There are two basic ways to promote the modernization of county governance and government role: on the one hand,to optimize the institutional environment,the main measures are to continuously strengthen the top-level design of reform by the central government,optimize the relationship between the central government and the local government,and provide a good institutional environment for the transformation of county governance and government role to modernization.To be specific,it is necessary to continue to deepen the simplification of administration and decentralization,and promote the diversification of governance subjects through the continuous decentralization to the market and society.In the vertical direction,the local government should be decentralized to improve the autonomy of the county government.In the process of streamlining administration and delegating powers,we should pay attention to the construction of the rule of law to promote the modernization of county government governance.On the other hand,we should optimize the structure of county governance and clarify the responsibilities of the government.Specifically,it is necessary to improve the governance mode of the county Party committee,straighten out the relationship between the Party committee and the people's congress,improve the rule of law of county government governance,and expand the orderly political participation of the grassroots people.