An International Comparative Study Of China's National Security Strategy: Theory, History And Prospects

National security concerns the rise and fall of the country,and it is an inevitable way of survival.National security strategy plays a vital role in the rise of the great powers.It is not only related to the survival and security of the country in the rise,but it will also have an important impact on whether it can successfully achieve its rise.At present,China is in a critical period of achieving national rejuvenation and the rise of the country.It is just the right time to strengthen research on China's national security strategy from multiple perspectives such as international comparisons and historical analysis.In general,This paper focuses on the problem of “how to surpass or alleviate the security dilemma and successfully achieve national rejuvenation and the rise of the country”,and basically follows the “theory-history-expectation” logic,trying to use the Chinese and foreign,ancient and modern comparative research methods to draw the general outline of China's national security strategy.The first chapter first discusses the theoretical basis of national security strategy research from three aspects: the determination and analysis of related concepts,the combing and comparison of existing international security theories,and the choice of philosophical foundation.On this basis,this chapter focuses on the core issue(rising of great powers and security dilemmas),tentatively proposes four sets of analytical elements(“security and development”,“land and sea”,“nation and world”,“objectives,capabilities and means”)and auxiliary indicators for effectiveness evaluation of the rising powers' national security strategy,and designs an analysis framework for the assessment and outlook of China's national security strategy.The second chapter focuses on reviewing the national security strategies of the eight major powers that have risen in history since modern times from an international perspective.Taking the types of hegemony(dominance)obtained by countries in the process of rise as the main standard,this chapter structurally divides Spain,the Netherlands,the United Kingdom,France,Russia,Germany,Japan,and the United States into three groups(sea powers,land powers,sea and land powers),and finally summarizes the historical experiences of the national security strategy choices of the eight rising powers with the help of horizontal comparison and evaluation.The third chapter shifts the focus back to China,and mainly explores the historical evolution of China's national security strategic thoughts and practices.This chapter generally follows the logical clues from ancient times to the present and from thought to practice.It sorts out and reviews the traditional national security strategy of China,the evolution of the national security concept and the practice of national security strategy in the past 70 years in PRC.Based on this,the characteristics and trends of the historical evolution of China's national security strategy are explored and summarized through vertical and horizontal comparison.The fourth chapter makes a assessment of China's national security strategy with a view to linking history and reality.On the one hand,it is a historical evaluation of China's national security strategy planning,through historical analogies and comparisons to sort out,evaluate and reflect on the successful experience of the new China's national security strategy planning and the problems it faces.On the other hand,it is a realistic assessment of China's national security strategic environment,which attempts to draw the current outline of China's national security strategic environment from three levels: global,major power relations,and region.The fifth chapter is the foothold of the full text,which mainly prospects the future of China's national security strategy.The structural design of this chapter mainly draws on the analysis framework of strategic research such as“target-capability-operation”,and discusses China's national security strategy vision,strategic capabilities,and strategic operations.The most important part of this chapter is to explore the future direction of China's national security strategy operation from the perspective of how to surpass the security dilemma and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation: the coordination of China's national security and development interests,the overall planning of China's land and marine security strategy,the positive security strategy interaction between the China and the world,the balance of China 's national security strategy objectives,capabilities and means.This is also a response to the aforementioned core issues and premise assumptions of China's current national security strategy research.Finally,this article believes that most of the rising powers in history in modern times will encounter security dilemma during their rise.And how to surmount or alleviate this security dilemma will become a key issue in the national security strategy planning of the rising powers.In this context,the top priority of the national security strategy planning of the rising countries should be the strategic choices they made during the critical period.Specifically,in the operation of the national security strategy,it must properly handle the four sets of contradictions derived from security dilemma— “security and development”,“land and sea”,“nation and world”,“objectives,capabilities and means”.At the same time,when combing the historical evolution of China's national security strategic thoughts and practices,it can be found that it has also gradually evolved and improved in the above four dimensions to a certain extent.Compared with other rising powers in modern history,although China's rejuvenation and rising process is more unique,it also faces the problem of how to surpass or alleviate the security dilemma.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen research on China's national security strategy planning in combination with international and own historical experience.Especially from the perspective of surpassing or alleviating the security dilemma,we must explore the future direction of China's national security strategy in a deeper way.