| "The road problem is the first problem that concerns the success or failure of the party's cause,and the road is the life of the party." The correct choice of development path is crucial,which is not only related to the success or failure of the country,the future and destiny of the nation,but also the survival and living conditions of the people.From 1893 to October 1917,Lenin insisted on taking Marxism as the guidance,based on the basic national conditions of Russia,and in accordance with the development and change of the international and domestic situation,creatively answered and solved the question of what kind of development path Russia should take and how to take this development path,and formed the Russian development road thought before the October Revolution.As a great thinker and a great revolutionary,Lenin's Russian development path thought changed,enriched,developed and improved with the development of Russian revolutionary practice.Therefore,many studies have been carried out in the academic field.Lenin Russia's development road thought before October Revolution inherited the theory and practice of social development of backward countries by Marx and Engels,and guided and promoted the transformation of socialism from theory to reality,from one country to many countries,greatly enriching and developing the theory and practice of social development road of backward countries in Marxism economy and culture.Due to the factors of the times and the need to adapt to the changing international and domestic situation,Lenin's thought of the development road before the October revolution also has its limitations,and there is a need for further development and improvement,to explore the origin and development of Russian development road before the October Revolution,and to analyze and clarify Lenin's heart and road course in exploring the Russian development road,Summarizing its theoretical and practical values will help us to understand and clarify the development of world socialism for 500 years,keep our original heart in mind,keep in mind our mission and firmly believe in the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.As Xi Jinping said,"only by looking back at the way we go,comparing the road of others,looking far ahead,and finding out where and where we are going,we can see a lot of problems and get the right ones."In summary,the thought of Lenin's Russian development road before the October Revolution is that the Bolsheviks represented by Lenin,based on the Russian national conditions,guided by the basic principles of Marxism,mobilized and united the bourgeois democratic groups and the peasant class to fight together through the bourgeois democratic revolution led by the proletarian party,Russia,which has backward economy and culture,can get rid of Czar autocracy as soon as possible,eliminate serfdom system,shorten the stage of capitalist development,implement democratic dictatorship of workers and peasants,and minimize the suffering of Russian people.On this basis,Russia will take the lead in the socialist development path of fairness and justice,and then promote the development of socialist movement in the developed countries of Western Europe capitalism,Finally,the theoretical thinking and theoretical exploration that made the world successfully embark on the path of socialist and Communist development.Before the October Revolution,Lenin Russia's development road thought was not a passive water,a wood without its own,but the result of so-called Lenin's subjective imagination and subjective will,but had its specific historical basis,era basis,realistic basis and theoretical basis.It is a stage expression of Russia's nation's development from the east to the West in the past thousand years.It has its inherent historical development gene,which is the historical basis for Lenin's thought of the development road before the October Revolution;It is the product of the turn of the 19 th century and the early 20 th century into the world history era,and the result of socialism becoming the world trend of thought and spreading in Russia,and is the basis of Lenin Russia's development road thought era before the October Revolution;It is the inevitable product of the development of Russian capitalism and the development of the industrial and agricultural movement,and is the realistic basis for Lenin's thought of the development road before the October Revolution;It is the result of the combination of Marxist social development theory and Russian reality,and is the theoretical basis for Lenin's thought of Russia's development road before the October Revolution.Lenin's deep personal Marxist theoretical literacy,his familiarity with Russian national character and Russian national conditions,courage and good at connecting with reality are also the important basis for the formation of this thought.Marxism believes that,under the promotion of the basic contradiction movement law of society,human society is a process of spiral rising from primitive society,slave society,feudal society,capitalist society,socialism and Communist society in turn.Lenin pointed out that at the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century,Russia had embarked on the path of capitalist development.Lenin,in connection with the international and domestic situation at that time and in combination with the specific conditions of Russia,made a hard exploration of the road of Russian social development in the future.Lenin believes that after the reform of serfdom system in 1861,Russia has embarked on the path of capitalist development.On the one hand,through the support of the Czar government and the influx of foreign capital,Russian capitalism has made great progress;On the other hand,autocratic system and feudal serf system seriously hindered the development of Russian capitalism.This makes the Russian bourgeoisie have revolutionary revolution to overthrow autocratic power,eliminate serf system and clear the way for capitalist development;There is also dependence and compromise on the Tsar autocratic regime and foreign capitalism.They worry that the growth and rise of the working-agriculture movement in the democratic revolution will threaten their political and economic interests,and will certainly be in the key nodes of the revolution and will be in the same way as the reactionary forces,and jointly deal with the proletariat and the working masses,and cannot carry out the bourgeois democratic revolution to the end.Therefore,the bourgeoisie cannot be the leading class of the Russian bourgeois democratic revolution.Under the guidance of scientific Marx doctrine,the proletariat of a unified political party should be able to assume the leadership responsibility of the Russian bourgeois democratic revolution because of its class nature and advanced nature.The peasant class is a strong ally of the working class.The union of workers and peasants,which is consolidated by satisfying the interests of the peasants,is an important guarantee of the leadership of the proletariat.The proletariat led the peasants to carry out a thorough bourgeois democratic revolution,establish a democratic dictatorship of workers and peasants,take a new path of capitalist development,and prepare for the next step of socialist reform.Lenin pointed out that,due to the profound changes in the world political and economic pattern,the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century were the era of imperialist war and proletarian revolution.The imbalance,jumping and violent conflict of the development of major capitalist countries make the war between imperialism imminent.Russia is the weakest link in the chain of imperialism.Under the guidance of the correct leadership of the proletariat and the guidance of scientific strategy,Russia can take the lead in winning the socialist revolution and finally embark on the socialist development path.Based on the 60 volumes of Lenin complete collection,this paper systematically studies the development road thought of Lenin Russia before October Revolution,and explores its value of the times,combining with the practical process of the proletarian revolution and socialist revolution in Russia.The research is carried out according to the logical logic of formation basis,formation process,formation content and formation significance.The main contents of this paper include three parts: the forming conditions,main contents and important values of Lenin Russia's development road thought before the October Revolution,which is divided into six chaptersChapter one: the social background of Lenin Russia's thought of development road before the October Revolution.This paper expounds the unique geographical location of Russia across Eurasia,the unique cultural characteristics of the intersection of eastern and Western civilizations and the thinking and exploration of Russian development path by the Russian ruling class and ideological circles since modern times to show Lenin's cultural origin,historical and cultural tradition and historical basis for exploring the Russian development path;The development of the second industrial revolution in the 1960 s and 1970 s promoted the formation of the world market,marking the entry of human history into the world historical era.During this period,the imbalance of capitalist countries' development and the competition for raw material production and world market made the powers invade backward countries and regions.The global expansion of capitalism makes socialism a world trend of thought,promotes the spread of Marxism from Western European developed capitalist countries in Russia with economic and cultural background,and discusses the era basis for Lenin to explore the Russian development path;After the reform of Russian Serfdom system in 1861,the capitalist economy of urban and rural areas developed rapidly and the social structure changed rapidly.The bourgeois reform of the Tsar government promoted the formation of political parties by all social forces to express political demands.The working-rural movement flourished.In order to safeguard their own interests,the bourgeoisie could not and could not carry out the revolution.This paper expounds the basic national conditions of Russia at the end of 19 th century and the beginning of 20 th century,that is,the realistic basis for Lenin to explore the Russian development path;This paper discusses Marx and Engels' Thoughts on the road of Russian social development and the exploration of Russian advanced thinkers such as Herzen,chernisevsky and plehannov on the road of Russian social development,and explains the theoretical basis of Lenin's thought of Russian development road.This paper expounds the subjective basis of Lenin's Thoughts on the road of development by summarizing Lenin's personal growth and learning experience and the thinking characteristics of combining Marxism theory with Russian national conditions.Chapter two: the evolution of Lenin Russia's thought of development road before the October Revolution.This paper expounds the three stages of Lenin's exploration of Russia's development path,and demonstrates the evolution of Lenin's thought of development road before the October Revolution.In the first stage,from 1893 to 1905,Lenin analyzed the economic and social reality of Russia with Marxist historical materialism,demonstrated the formation and development process of Russian capitalism,and deeply expounded the necessity and historical progress of capitalism in Russia;In the second stage,from 1905 to 1914,Lenin analyzed the various classes of Russian society by Marxist materialist dialectics,and explained that the proletariat must grasp the leadership of the bourgeois democratic revolution in Russia,and lead the small bourgeoisie such as farmers to take the non capital development road of democratic dictatorship of workers and peasants in Russia;The third stage is before and after World War I in1914.Lenin,according to the development and change of international situation,believes that at the end of 19 th century and the beginning of 20 th century,world capitalism has entered the stage of imperialism,and its decadence and perpetration determine that this stage will inevitably transition to a new social form,a socialistic society.The revolutionary situation requires that the Russian proletariat should seize power immediately and begin to transition to socialism,and establish a new type of country,the Soviet Republic,which is the Paris commune system.Chapter three Lenin's thought that Russia has been on the path of capitalist development.Lenin scientifically analyzed the origin,formation and development of Russian capitalism by Marxist standpoint,viewpoint and method,inherited,enriched and developed Marx's analysis and demonstration of capitalism in capital theory.By analyzing Lenin's related works,Lenin's Thoughts on the inevitability,historical progress,particularity and backwardness of Russian capitalism are explained.It is eloquently stated that the emergence of Russian capitalism is the inevitable result of the continuous development of urban and rural commodity economy.The development of Russian capitalism has improved the social labor productivity and promoted the socialization of labor,The material and class foundation were prepared for overthrowing the Tsar autocracy,which had certain historical progress.But the coexistence of simultaneous development of Russian capitalism and serfdom and the high dependence on both domestic and external led to the dependence,weakness and lag of Russian bourgeoisie on the Tsar regime and foreign capitalism.The internal and external contradictions were interwoven sharply,making Russia a weak link in the world capitalist system.Chapter four Lenin's Thoughts on Russia's non capitalist development.Through analyzing Lenin's two strategies of Social Democratic Party in democratic revolution,this paper demonstrates Lenin's internal and external thinking and exploration of the development of non capitalist development of Russia with backward economy and culture,expounds Lenin's Thought on the proletarian mastering the revolutionary leadership,and the democratic dictatorship of workers and peasants is the completion mark of the bourgeois revolution.In the Russian bourgeois revolution,the proletariat has the condition to realize the leadership of the democratic revolution.Only if the proletariat has the leadership,can the Russian bourgeois revolution win the absolute power of the Czar completely and complete the democratic revolution in the form of the most favorable to the proletariat.To realize the leadership of the proletariat to the democratic revolution,we must realize the leadership of the proletariat to the peasants.Lenin believes that the realization of the democratic dictatorship of workers and peasants is the symbol of the completion of the bourgeois revolution.After that,it should be transformed into a socialist revolution immediately,and the prelude of the European socialist revolution should be opened to help the consolidation of the Russian proletarian regime and the socialist construction.Chapter five Lenin's Thoughts on the transition from state monopoly capitalism to socialism.Through studying the works of imperialism,the state and revolution,this paper expounds Lenin's analysis of the economic characteristics and historical status of imperialism and the imbalance of capitalist economy and political development.It explains that imperialism is an important judgment that capitalism begins to transition to socialism and that the Russian proletariat should seize power immediately and begin to transition to socialism.Lenin pointed out that at the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century,capitalism had developed into a declining,decadent and dying stage of imperialism.This is the step to socialism,the transition from capitalism to socialism,the entrance to socialism and the eve of the proletarian social transformation.Russia,as the weakest link in the chain of imperialism,should seize the opportunity,attack boldly,and realize the transition from democratic revolution to socialist revolution with the help of the national proletariat and the European proletariat.Chapter six: the influence and value of Lenin Russia's thought of development road before October Revolution.This paper discusses the Russian value,world value and Chinese value of the Russian development road thought before the October Revolution by expounding the profound influence of Lenin Russia development road thought on Russia,the colonial semi colonial countries and regions,and China.First,by expounding the influence of this thought on the October Revolution,it is pointed out that Lenin's thought of Russian development path before the October Revolution pointed out the correct direction of Russian development,and it was the theoretical basis and basic follow of the October Revolution.This thought demonstrates the way and strategy of Russia to realize the socialist development path,firm the determination and belief that the Russian Party and people will win,and lead the great victory of the October Revolution in Russia.Secondly,the paper discusses the influence of this thought on the consolidation of Russian power and the construction of the state after the October Revolution.Lenin's thought of the development road before the October Revolution was the source of the wartime communist policy,the theoretical source of the implementation of the new economic policy,which directly affected the exploration and practice of the development path after the October Revolution.Thirdly,the paper expounds the influence of Lenin Russia's development road thought on the path of independence and liberation of colonial semi colonial countries before the October Revolution.Lenin insisted on Marxist revolutionary theory,combined with the experience of Russian Revolution,put forward targeted opinions and suggestions on the construction of political parties,united front and revolutionary strategy of colonial and semi colonial countries,promoted the anti imperialist and anti colonial anti hegemony struggle and democratic national independence struggle in these countries and regions,and firmly determined their confidence and determination to open up a new path.Fourth,the paper discusses the influence of Lenin Russia development road thought on the new democratic revolution in China before the October Revolution.This paper expounds Lenin's theory on the nature of democratic revolution,the theory of proletarian leadership,the theory of the role of farmers,the theory of revolutionary development stage and the theory of revolutionary future,etc.to the theory of the nature of the democratic revolution in China,the theory of the democratic revolutionary leadership of the Communist Party of China,the theory of the alliance of workers and peasants,the two-step theory of the Chinese revolution The direct influence of the theory of the future of the new democratic revolution indicates the important theoretical guidance of this thought on the choice and practice of the Chinese revolutionary path.Fifth,the paper discusses the influence of Lenin Russia's development road thought on the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics before the October Revolution.Through the exposition of Lenin proletarian party construction theory and globalization theory,the important enlightenment to the theory of ruling party construction,regional coordinated development strategy,socialist market economy theory and the theory of peaceful coexistence between the two systems since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC in 1978,it is shown that Lenin Russia development road thought before October Revolution is an important theoretical enlightenment for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Sixth,through explaining the theoretical contribution of Lenin Russia development road thought in the aspects of the theme cognition of the times,the cultivation of revolutionists group,ideological education,historical opportunity grasp,scientific analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of capitalism,and firm ideals and beliefs,it shows that this thought is in decision-making,leading core construction,talent training,etc The Contemporary Enlightenment of developing and perfecting socialist system to socialism with Chinese characteristics. |
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