Research On Major Events In The CCP's Provisional Central Committee And The Central Soviet Area (1931-1935)

The period under the leadership of Provisional Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee headed by Bogu,which was called "the period of continued development of the third 'left' line".During this period,the Chinese revolution suffered serious setbacks,especially the failure of the Fifth Counter-Campaign against "Encirclement and Suppression" in the Central Soviet Area and the loss of the Central Soviet Area.This article takes the Provisional Central Committee of the CPC as the main body and the major events in the Central Soviet Area as the clue,to explore the "Left" mistakes made by the Provisional Central Committee of the CPC and its role in it,sort out the relationship between the Provisional Central Committee of the PC and the Communist International,deepen the weak links of existing research and identify controversial issues.The Provisional Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee established in September 1931,which's members hada process of dynamic addition.Under the interrogation and approval of the Communist International,it is finally determined that 9 persons including Bogu,Zhang Wentian,Lu Futan,Kang Sheng,Chen Yun,Li Zhusheng,Huang Ping,Wang Yuncheng,Liu Shaoqi formed the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee.At the beginning of 1933,the Political Bureau of the Provisional Central Committee of the CPC moved into the Central Soviet Area and merged with the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area of the CPC,creating a new Central Bureau of the Soviet Area,also known as the "Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China","Central Bureau",etc.The Provisional Political Bureau actually directly led the work of the Central Soviet Area through the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area or in the name of the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area.At the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in January 1934,members of the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee such as Bogu,Zhang Wentian,Kang Sheng,and Li Zhusheng were "regularized".The Provisional Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee showed three characteristics: the main members were related to the anti-Lisan guideline,were prominent in dogmatism,and had existed for three years.The Gannan Conference held in the Central Soviet Area in November 1931 was convened by the Provisional Political Bureau in accordance with the spirit of Zhou Enlai's August 30 th letter.This is not only the continuation of the anti-Lisan guideline in the Central Soviet Area,but also the initial collision between the Provisional Political Bureau and Mao Zedong's correct claims.But this did not affect the Provisional Political Bureau's attention to Mao Zedong,Mao Zedong was appointed as the acting secretary of the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area of the CPC and Chairman of the People's Committee of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic by the Provisional Political Bureau.Under the direction of the Communist International,the Provisional Political Bureau established and implemented the Offensive Line.Disagreements and conflicts between the Provisional Political Bureau and Mao Zedong continued to accumulate,which was mainly manifested in the relationship between the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area and Mao Zedong in the Central Soviet Area.After the decision of Mao Zedong to temporarily return to the rear at the Ningdu Conference in October 1932,the Provisional Political Bureau ignored the opposition of the Communist International and agreed with the decision of the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area and eventually removed Mao Zedong from the position of the Chief Political Commissar of the First Route Army of the Red Army,to ensure that the leaders in the front execute the Offensive Line consistently.At the beginning of 1933,the Provisional Political Bureau moved into the Central Soviet Area and launched the anti-Luoming guideline and Jiangxi's anti-Luoming guideline which aimed at combating the influence of Mao Zedong's correct claims and establishing the authority of the Provisional Political Bureau.Starting from the Fourth Counter-Campaign against "Encirclement and Suppression",the Provisional Political Bureau constantly compressed the space for independent decision-making ahead and made adjustments to the leadership system.In May 1933,the Central Revolutionary Military Commission was moved to the rear,and the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army's Headquarters and the First Route Army of the Red Army's Headquarters were organized in the front.Then,they were cancelled in December 1933.The Provisional Political Bureaugradually controled the military command directly,this provided convenient conditions for the implementation of Stern's plan and Li De's strategy and tactics.This was also an important reason for the failure of the Fifth Counter-Campaign against "Encirclement and Suppression".Before the start of the Fifth Counter-Campaign against "Encirclement and Suppression",representatives of the 19 th Route Army approached and negotiated with the Red Army on the front line,the Provisional Political Bureau seized the opportunity and signed a preliminary agreement against Japan and Chiang kai-shek.Stern proposed the "Western Campaign" plan after the Fujian Incident,the Provisional Political Bureau and Li De expressed opposition,but under pressure they had to implement it.After receiving the support of the Political Committee of the Political Secretariat of the Communist International Executive Committee,the Provisional Central Committee decided to dispatch the Red Army to assist the 19 th Route Army,unfortunately,it's too late and missed opportunities.The Provisional Political Bureau military assistance to the Nineteenth Route Army was not in conflict with its political criticism.The former is based on pragmatic considerations,that is,it is beneficial to the Red Army's anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" campaign,and the latter is due to the political line at the time namely,the centrist is "the most dangerous enemy" and the lower strata united front strategy.Under the missed opportunity provided by the Fujian Incident and the wrong leadership of the Provisional Political Bureau,there is no hope of victory in the Fifth Counter-Campaign against "Encirclement and Suppression",the Provisional Political Bureau raised the issue of the Long March.However,the Provisional Political Bureau was hesitant to decide the Long March until September 1934.Decisions on the Long March was limited to Bogu,Zhou Enlai,and Li De who were called the "three-person group".The members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the members of the Central Revolutionary Military Committee had little involvement in and understanding of the Long March's decision.In order to prepare for the Long March,the Provisional Political Bureau had done some work such as expanding the Red Army,raising food funds and weapons,and public opinion propaganda.But the hesitation and secrecy of the Provisional Political Bureau on the Long March decision greatly affected the pertinence and effectiveness of the preparations.During the Long March,the Provisional Political Bureau's wrong decision to "moving" and "carrying the sedan chair" eventually caused the Red Army to suffer heavy losses in the Xiangjiang River Campaign.After the Xiangjiang River Campaign,Mao Zedong suggested to the Central Committee of the CPC to abandon the plan of going to Xiangxi to join the Red 2nd and Red 6th Army and moved towards Guizhou where the enemy is weak.After Tongdao Conference,Liping Conference and Houchang Conference,Mao Zedong's correct proposition was supported by the majority of the central leadership.Bo Gu also once supported Mao Zedong's correct opinion on entering Guizhou.It was not until the Zunyi Conference held in early 1935 that the correct leadership of the party with Mao Zedong as the main representative was established.The Chinese revolution began a new journey.