Research On The Influence Mechanism Of The Industrial Characteristics Of The National Defense Industry On The Innovation Of National Defense Science And Technology

Both Military weapon systems and military science and technology have represented country's most advanced scientific and technological strength.National defense innovation,as innovative activities directly serving the R&D and manufacturing of weapons,plays an important role in safeguarding national security and safeguarding national interests.Because defense innovation are with obvious characteristics,such as advanced,pilot,resistance,it always aimed at directly or potentially the level of national defense science and technology of adversaries.As the increasingly fierce competition between China and the United States,plus the rise of several emerging technologies,the races for development and application of advanced weapons systems are also accelerating.At the same time,and due to changes of modern warfare`s deterrence,the higher speed and quality of national defense innovation is needed.The topic of this paper is defense innovation on the respective of industry,which focus on the three key question: "industrial structure","industrial cooperation" and "industrial space layout" of the China`s defense industry,including core structure of the defense industry characteristics,the important influence factors of collaboration and civil-military integration path,for optimizing allocation of the resources of the national defense industry,promoting national defense innovation ability and innovation efficiency.The main content of this paper are the following four parts:(1)based on the Industrial Organization Theory,New Economic Growth Theory(NEGT)and New Economic Geography Theory(NEG)to find driving factors of national defense innovation and theoretical analysis framework of its mechanism.Also according to China's military enterprise special industrial environment and the constraint conditions,this paper explains channels to promote defense innovation ability from the perspective of macro,micro and meso industry,respectively.(2)For the "Marshall Dilemma" between the scale of military enterprises and market competition,based on the micro data of military enterprises,this paper empirically analyzes how the scale and competition structure of national defense industry influence defense innovation and what strategies are to optimize organization structure of national defense industry.(3)To analyze the influence defense industrial relationship on defense innovation based on the mechanism of knowledge spillover that belongs to theory of NEG.Specially the different effects of knowledge spillover in different channels are estimated.At the same time,we figure out the special constraints in the process of technology spillover in the defense industry combined with the confidentiality requirements of the defense industry.(4)To analyze evolution process and trend of the geographical distribution of national defense industry by calculating the center of gravity,distribution range,and agglomeration level of the distribution of national defense industry through Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis(ESDA).Based on the theory of NEG,we find out both the influence and mechanism of spatial spillover of defense innovation.The main conclusions of this paper are the followings:(1)We build a theoretical framework to explain the improvement of national defense innovation capability based on industrial structure,industrial association and industrial pattern.In terms of industrial structure,this paper analyzes the influence of two market structure factors: enterprise size and market power,on national defense innovation,and puts forward two solutions of "Marshall's Dilemma" : effective competition and scale competition.Accord to the constraint of China's social system and socialist market economic system on the national defense industry,we put forward the optimization path of industrial organization for the two levels of national defense industry enterprises in China.In terms of industrial relationship,on the one hand we summarize the mode of knowledge spillover and innovation path in the cooperation process and the limitations caused by the effect of civil-military integration policy.On the other hand,we clarify how the influence of defense industry confidentiality makes on knowledge spillover on the basis of the special features of the national defense industry.In terms of industrial pattern,we analyzes the function and factors of industrial spatial pattern,and puts forward the mechanism that the spatial pattern of knowledge spillover effect,labor sharing effect and industrial union make impact on national defense innovation.(2)We use empirical methods to analyze effects of the defense industrial market structure on national defense innovation,getting the results are that there is significantly positive relationship between firm size and national defense innovation,and there is no nonlinear effect relationship between firm size and innovation level.In addition,there is significantly positive relationship between market power and defense innovation,yet when market power reaches a certain critical value,the market forces do harm to innovation.The heterogeneity of firm size generally shows that the positive influence of private firm size is greater than that of state-owned firm,and the nonlinear influence of market power of state-owned firm is more significant than that of private firm with property rights.In the western and central regions,firm size and market power have a linear positive effect on national defense innovation.While in the eastern region,firm size and market power have obvious nonlinear effect.The relationship between market structure and defense innovation varies slightly by industry.After replacing the core explanatory variables and using the Tobit model to make robust test,the conclusion is still robust.(3)We empirically test the enhancement effect of defense innovation capability brought by forward,backward and horizontal knowledge spillover among military enterprises.The results show that the forward spillover has a significant negative effect on defense innovation,while the backward spillover has a significant positive effect,and the impacts of horizontal spillover is not significant.With the increase of confidentiality,the effects of forward spillover and back spillover on the innovation of military enterprises are inhibited,and the moderating effects of confidentiality on forward spillover and back spillover are significantly different.After the heterogeneity analysis of the privacy regulation effect,we find that state-owned enterprises have a stronger inhibition effect on backflow spillover than non-state-owned enterprises,and large-scale enterprises have a more serious hindrance effect on technology spillover than small enterprises.The rolling window time analysis of the full sample shows that,with the advance of the marketization reform of military enterprises and the military-civilian integration strategy,the positive effects of confidentiality of military enterprises through forward spillover weaken,while the inhibiting effect through backward spillover enhance.(4)With exploratory spatial data we analyze the spatial pattern and evolution of national defense innovation,and then we use spatial econometric methods to analyze the influences of various elements and spatial spillover on national defense innovation.We find out that distribution barycenter of the national defense innovation moves substantially southwest,then gradually move east.Besides,the spatial distribution range of the national defense innovation furtherly contracts,as spatial agglomeration gradually increase,the "Two points and one side" defense innovation pattern forms in which Beijing and Jiangsu are poles while Shaanxi,Sichuan,Hubei,Henan,Shanxi are core.Spatial econometric regression results are that the civil innovation makes significantly positive influence on national defense innovation.In addition,industrial structure,economic level and control variables such as level of education also play a positive role on defense innovation,and defense innovation of the surrounding areas play a positive spillover effect through the military system internal collaboration,the innovation coupling and knowledge spillover.Meanwhile,other exogenous factors such as the initial defense industry investment and geographical location influence the defense innovation.The innovation points of this paper are as follows:(1)We enrich the theory of the defense industrial innovation,respectively from the organizational structure of the defense industry,industrial relationship and spatial pattern.According to the theory of industrial organization,NEGT and NEG,we offer specific suggestions to improve the national defense innovation capability for the characteristics of national defense industries and market.(2)The paper analyzes the actual situation of China's defense industrial structure,how the factors such as property right attribute,military-civilian integration degree and the like,act on the optimal structure of defense industry on the grounds of the environment and constraint conditions of China's military enterprises.Moreover we find out the differences of the defense industrial structure between China and Western militarily developed countries.(3)Considering the special industrial characteristics and requirements of the national defense industry,we quantify such as confidentiality requirements and conditions of military-civilian integration,by adding constraints to the special attribute conditions of national defense,so as to build a more scientific empirical analysis model that answer for the reality of the national defense industry.(4)Based on both micro data and macro data of national defense industry,we expand empirical analysis framework of national defense industries greatly to obtain paths on how to optimize the level of national defense industry innovation ability and put forward targeted suggestions.