Research On Authoritative Governance Of Collectivized Villages

China is a big agricultural country.The agricultural society is characterized by endless social changes,and gradually forms a local society with obvious regional differences in historical evolution.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,China's rural society has gradually presented new changes.The vast rural society is harmonious and orderly,and farmers' living standards have steadily improved.However,it should not be overlooked that the collective economic foundation of most villages is weak,the quality of public services is not high,and the collective responsibility for villages is becoming less and less.Farmers' sense of belonging and identity to the collective is declining,and the development of villages presents a decentralized trend.At the same time,under the unified guidance of grass-roots party organizations,some villages adhere to the road of cooperation,organization and collectivization,practice the collectivism spirit and the concept of common prosperity,undertake the responsibility of multi-faceted and all-inclusive village communities,provide public services and collective welfare for collective members,and form a firm collective cohesion and village unity relationship.Such villages are collectivized villages,and their development path and prospects can become an important window to see through China's rural roads.Most of the existing researches on collectivized villages focus on collective economy,collective property rights,collective management and other fields.This paper puts the research perspective on the overall social investigation,aiming to emphasize the social responsibility and social effects in the process of collectivized village governance.Focusing on the background of "collective society" in northern rural areas,using the methods of literature research,field investigation,oral interview and participation observation,etc,taking typical collectivized villages in Shanxi Province as the research object,this paper constructs a "collective-authority" analysis framework,taking "authoritative elements" as the breakthrough point,and systematically expounds the "origin and generation?decline and activation?reduction and reduction" experienced by authoritative elements in rural society with collective background from traditional period to contemporary society Taking the policy changes of foreign countries as a reference and the endogenous authority influence of villages as a clue,this paper deeply analyzes the process of exploring the appropriate path and governance mode from spontaneous to conscious in typical villages,and then analyzes the key factors affecting the development path of villages from the perspectives of historical system starting point,regional social and cultural character and practical objective conditions,and finds out the interactive relationship among collective organizations,collective members and collective authority in the process of village development,as well as the operational characteristics and internal mechanism of authoritative governance mode.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Collective society is a kind of social background which has a regulatory impact on contemporary collectivization.From the perspectives of natural conditions,historical facts,social characteristics,cultural traditions,etc.,the paper holds that the northern Yellow River Basin,as the core area of Chinese civilization,is influenced by the superposition of blood relationship and geographical relationship,forming a collective social form of "gathering villages with households".The collective authority of "paternalism" is born in the village,which constantly maintains and consolidates the continuation of the organizational form of collective.(2)Collectivized village is a compound village community under rational choice.The re-collectivization of villages is the result of collective leadership and collective members' common choice.Under the condition of market economy,collectivization mode can create a more economical,larger and more connected village complex,so as to improve the village community function and enhance the cultural cohesion.Collectivized villages provide a path choice for China's rural development.(3)Collectivized villages present the governance mode of championship under the leadership of authority.Strong collective economy and centralized power structure form the governance foundation of "strong pressure-strong incentive" championship in villages.This model shows the characteristics of collective authority pressure,quantitative assessment of indicators,ranking constraint of championships,incentive of welfare distribution,etc,and forms a long-term procedural and institutionalized mechanism,which plays a good role in motivating village cadres and mobilizing villagers to actively participate in village affairs.Its motive force comes from the guidance of authority,and maintains authority to a certain extent,forming a relationship of mutual promotion and mutual cause and effect.(4)Authoritative governance is a beneficial exploration of applying the rule of virtue to rural governance.Authoritative governance integrates traditional moral resources,socialist ideas,the party's purpose and other cultural contents,and through collective education,it forms a profound influence and sense of identity,and carries out rural governance activities accordingly.(5)Leading the collective by the party organization is an effective form to realize rural revitalization.Constantly enhancing the leading and organizing ability of village-level party organizations,coordinating the interests of rural grass-roots organizations,and highlighting the leading position of village-level party organizations in rural governance are effective ways to explore the "one core and multiple" governance model and carry out rural revitalization practice in the new era.On the whole,exploring the development process and governance model of collectivized villages does not mean nostalgia for the past,but rather explores how to exert the vitality of collective economy under the condition of market economy and expand the space of effective governance for villages on the basis of public ownership;Under the new authority system,how to form decision-making,mobilization and appeal with the collective wisdom of collective authority and guide collective members to participate in village public affairs;How to sum up the governance experience and popularize the practice under the current governance model;How to highlight the leading role of party organizations,coordinate the interests of all parties in villages,integrate collective diverse resources and shape the pattern of collective unity under the governance system of "one core and multiple".In short,by summarizing the generation and action mechanism of collective authority,this paper clarifies the governance model of collectivized villages under the background of the new era,with a view to enriching the basic theory of modernization of national governance system and governance capacity,and providing experience reference for the current rural party organizations to comprehensively lead and coordinate village affairs.