| Policy-based agricultural insurance not only has the basic functions of risk transfer and loss compensation,but also has the derivative functions of stabilizing and increasing income,financing and so on.It is one of the internationally accepted "green box policies" of government supporting agriculture.However,due to the high premium rate of policy-based agricultural insurance(hereinafter referred to as agricultural insurance),the low level of guarantee and the weak insurance awareness of farmers,the effective demand for agricultural insurance is insufficient,which hinders the realization of the function of agricultural insurance and the effect of supporting agriculture.Based on the dual perspectives of external and internal factors of farmers' participation in agricultural insurance,this paper takes policy-based apple insurance as an example to study the influence of government support and insurance cognition on farmers' participation in agricultural insurance and its effect.It is of great significance to improve the participation rate of farmers and the effect of agricultural insurance.Based on insurance demand theory,cognitive behavior theory,planned behavior theory,government support theory and insurance function theory,this paper analyzes the mechanism of government support and insurance cognition affecting farmers' participation and effect of agricultural insurance.Secondly,based on the survey data of 1292 apple farmers in Shaanxi,Shandong and Henan provinces from July 10 to August 20,2019,and based on the measurement of government support and cognition of insurance,Comprehensive use of factor analysis,multiple linear regression,Heckman(Heck Probit)sample selection model,zero expansion negative binomial model(ZINB),endogenous transformation regression model(ESR)and other quantitative analysis methods,according to the logical order of "participation intention ? participation behavior ? participation effect",To explore the extent and path that government support and insurance cognition affect farmers' insurance participation behavior and effect.Finally,some policy suggestions are put forward to improve the behavior and effect of farmers' insurance participation.The innovation points of this study are as follows: first,a multidimensional index system of government support and insurance cognition is constructed;The second is to explore the mediating effect of insurance cognition on government support and its influence on farmers' participation in agricultural insurance.The third is to explore the heterogeneity of government support and insurance cognition affecting agricultural insurance participation and effect under different security levels.This study provides empirical support for the improvement of agricultural insurance policy system supported by government,and provides theoretical and practical reference for the promotion and innovation of agricultural insurance and cash crop insurance in other places.The research conclusions are as follows:(1)The deviation between the willingness and behavior of farmers to participate in agricultural insurance.The participation intention of farmers is high,but the actual participation rate and participation frequency are low.In the sample of 1292 peasant households,57.66% of peasant households have the intention to participate in the insurance,but only 33.67% of peasant households have participated in the insurance in recent 5 years.The average number of agricultural insurance participation of sample farmers was 1.632 times,and less than 20% of them participated more than 3times.(2)The analysis of government support variables shows that in terms of policy support,the government has a strong policy making ability,but a weak role in supervising and regulating the operation of agricultural insurance market.In terms of economic subsidies,the intensity of premium subsidies is higher,and farmers have higher satisfaction with premium subsidies.In terms of business assistance,farmers generally recognize the role of co-insurance agents in the promotion of agricultural insurance,but their role in helping farmers get reasonable compensation is limited.In the aspect of publicity and promotion,farmers think that the government's publicity and promotion is more effective.The analysis of insurance cognition variables shows that: in terms of policy cognition,the sample farmers are relatively familiar with agricultural insurance premium subsidy policies and relatively trust national agricultural insurance policies,but lack of understanding of relevant laws and regulations.In terms of product cognition,farmers' understanding of agricultural insurance products and relevant clauses is very insufficient.In terms of process cognition,farmers generally believe that the agricultural insurance claim procedure is complex and difficult.In terms of cognition of the role of agricultural insurance,most farmers thought that the protection strength of agricultural insurance was insufficient,but the degree of insurance coverage of production risk was relatively high.(3)using Heckman model,government support,insurance cognitive effects on farmers ginseng protect intention and willingness to pay effect extremely path,the results show that the government support and its different dimensions for farmers agricultural insurance to participate and willingness to pay the direct effects and indirect effects of significant,insurance cognition has remarkable intermediary effect.The overall influence degree of government support on farmers' willingness to participate in agricultural insurance is as follows: business assistance > publicity and promotion > economic subsidies > policy support;The overall influence degree of government support on farmers' willingness to pay for agricultural insurance is as follows: business assistance > economic subsidy > publicity and promotion > policy support.At different levels of security,government support and insurance cognition have different effects on farmers' willingness to participate in and willingness to pay for agricultural insurance.(4)The Heck Probit model,Heckman model and ZINB model were used to investigate the influence of government support and insurance cognition on farmers' participation in agricultural insurance.The results show that government support and its various dimensions have a significant positive impact on the probability,proportion and frequency of participation in agricultural insurance,and agricultural insurance cognition plays a partial mediating effect in this process.The overall influence degree of government support on the probability of farmers' participation in agricultural insurance is as follows: business assistance > publicity and promotion >economic subsidies > policy support;The overall degree of influence on farmers' participation in agricultural insurance is as follows: economic subsidy > publicity and promotion > business assistance > policy support;The overall degree of influence on farmers' participation in agricultural insurance is in the order of publicity and promotion > economic subsidy > business assistance > policy support.At different levels of security,government support and insurance cognition have different effects on farmers' participation behavior of agricultural insurance.At high level of security,government support and insurance cognition have higher effects.The mediating effects of government support and insurance cognition on farmers' insurance participation behavior were significant.(5)The endogenous transformation regression model(ESR)was used to investigate the effect and path of agricultural insurance participation on farmers' agricultural income,and the Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect of agricultural insurance participation on the effect of government support and insurance cognition on farmers' insurance participation.The results show that agricultural insurance participation has a significant positive impact on farmers' income through optimizing the allocation of farmers' factors.The increase of farmers' labor time input caused by agricultural insurance participation and the increase of farmers' income caused by the adoption of new technologies make up for the decrease of farmers' income caused by the reduction of fertilizer and pesticide input caused by agricultural insurance participation.Under different security levels,the impact of agricultural insurance participation on farmers' income is heterogeneous.The degree of farmers' agricultural insurance has a significant positive impact on farmers' income.Government support and insurance awareness indirectly increase farmers' income by promoting their participation in insurance.According to the research conclusions,it is suggested that the grass-roots government should strengthen the role of agricultural insurance business assistance,publicity and promotion,market supervision,and improve the economic subsidy mechanism,so as to improve farmers' understanding of agricultural insurance.Insurance institutions promote product and service innovation and quality improvement on the basis of meeting the needs of farmers for agricultural insurance. |
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