| Collaborative governance on Internet information services refers to the governance process in which each subject in the network information ecosystem focuses on the information related service activities provided to the online public and the links of information collection,production and dissemination,and achieves the goal of collaborative governance through specific collaborative actions.It should be noted that the goal of collaborative governance on Internet Information Service in China is to avoid governance fragmentation,improve governance efficiency,realize subjective value,maintain network security and provide high-quality Internet information services to the public.The overall national security concept with cyber security as an important part and the major strategic deployment of building a community with a shared future in cyberspace are the concentrated expression of the "rule of China" at the level of Internet governance.Internet content governance is the core of Internet governance in China,which is concentrated as the “information” flowing on the Internet.Internet information includes two major categories: Internet information content and Internet information services.Internet information service are further based on the concept of Internet information content and focus more on the information flow process of information processing,dissemination,reception and feedback..The discussion of the role of the subject and intersubjective relationship are the key areas of current and future Internet governance in China.In recent years,the state has intensively promulgated a series of policies and regulations to strengthen the governance of Internet information services,such as the "Regulations on the Ecological Governance of Internet Information Content","Regulations on the Management of Weibo Information Services","Regulations on the Management of Blockchain Information Services" and "Regulations on the Administration of Internet User Public Account Information Services" etc.,The Fourth Session of the Thirteenth National People's Congress is the first time that“strengthening the construction of Internet content” has been included in the government working report.Although Internet information service governance in China has achieved certain results under the great attention of the party and the state,it is not the continuous and stable improvement of governance efficiency that comes with the massive investment of resources and the establishment of systems,the thorny issues in the field of Internet information service have not yet been resolved.For example,the current levels and various policies and regulations are frequently promulgated,forming a considerable institutional system,but in the governance practice,it still relies heavily on the non-institutional and low-stability governance tool of sports governance;The ultimate goal of Internet information service governance in China is to meet the public's demand for good information services,but the public as the core stakeholder has a relatively low level of participation and role in this governance process,and so on.The above-mentioned phenomena that are contrary to common sense and the laws of practice have led to the core question that this article aims to study: Why does Internet information service governance in China still suffer from inefficiency and repetition when the state has invested a lot of human,material and financial resources?How to improve governance efficiency by optimizing and improving governance models?Around this question,this article derives the following sub-question: How to deeply understand this problem from the perspective of public management discipline? To solve this problem,how to build a new governance model based on the theory and paradigm of the public management discipline? How does this governance model solve real problems and improve governance efficiency? How to better promote the "landing" of the model and the realization of governance goals based on the current status of practice?With the confusion about the above-mentioned problems,this article is based on governance practices,through in-depth investigations and participatory observations.From the initial attention to the “fragmented subcontracting” status and problem descriptions of Internet information service governance in China,the timely transformation has been transformed into a three-dimensional research and judgment on the realization of “all-element collaboration” from the four dimensions of value,subject,process and guarantee.It provides a panoramic grasp of the proposition of improving the governance efficiency of Internet information service in China.Through in-depth interviews with individuals in complex situations,combined with the analysis of the text content of 1,407 thematic news reports,this article finds that the current Internet information service governance model of China is under the model where the dual entity of government and enterprise plays a significant role,at the same time showing obvious fragmentation characteristics.This article summarizes this governance model as a "fragmented subcontracting" model.Its performance is as follows: First of all,the governance structure is fragmented.As a structural element in governance,the subject relationship presents the characteristics of "limited collaboration".There is a lack of effective consensus among subjects,and under the concept of "administration leads everything",some subjects lack effective cooperation and lack of attention and respect for the interests of other subjects.Secondly,the governance process is fragmented.Due to the governance concept of ex ante sporty governance and result-oriented,governance presents problems such as the extensive use of resources.The reliance on sporty governance and result-oriented governance makes it difficult for governance resources to be used accurately and presents the dissipation in the process.Thirdly,the governance results are fragmented.Due to issues such as information alienation,technical limitations,and excessive platform empowerment,although the government has invested hugely,it is still ineffective in the implementation of enterprises,showing low economic characteristics;and the lack of social forces or limited participation in governance,causing the rights and interests to be infringed,manifested as a lack of fairness.Combining the connotation of governance fragmentation,it can be found that there is a significant "fragmentation" problem in Internet information service governance,which is also the main reason why the effectiveness in Internet information service governance needs to be improved.The three problems presented in the "fragmented subcontracting" governance model represent that it is contrary to the value orientation of the modernization of state governance in the new era and the needs of Internet information service governance.In view of this,Internet information service governance urgently needs to develop a new governance model to promote governance subjects fulfilling their own responsibilities better,in order to solve real problems and improve governance efficiency.According to the governance status of fragmented subcontracting,collaborative governance of Internet information services is a governance model that can responds to this problem better.Specifically,from a theoretical perspective,collaborative governance is a recognized "special medicine" for governance "fragmentation";and from a practical perspective,in recent years,in the policy documents issued at the national and local levels,there are the frequency of expressions such as "collaboration" "linkage","coordination",and "cooperation" has been increasing year by year,and policy intentions have gradually become clear,that is,emphasizing the collaborative governance of multiple subjects.The multiple collaborative governance under the leadership of the party has become the main trends and future directions of governance development of Internet information service in China.Whether it is viewed from a theoretical or practical level,the “fragmentation”status of Internet information service governance in China needs to be solved by the intervention of the concept of “collaborative governance” and the establishment of related patterns.This is the actual demand of Internet information service governance in China under the background of the new era.However,it is a pity that the current academic circles have not launched a systematic and specialized theoretical discussion on it.Internet information service governance is trapped in the “confusion” conceptual domain of Internet content governance research,and the definition of the concept is still unclear,let alone the construction of systematic and specialized collaborative governance theory system around the concept.In addition,the existing research is mostly cut from the perspective of information resource management such as the discipline of information science.As an important field of public governance,the field of collaborative governance of Internet information services is in urgent need of discipline intervention and theoretical explanation from the perspective of public management.Based on this,this paper systematically combines the relevant theoretical perspectives and resources of collaborative governance,on the premise of drawing on the foreign SFIC model and the expansion model of domestic scholars,on the basis of refining the elements of collaborative governance and deconstructing the elements of Internet information services,built the "Value—Subject—Process—Indemnification" four-dimensional collaborative governance model.Among them,the collaborative governance of Internet information services in China is inseparable from the clarification and balance of the value level,which is concentrated on individual and public values,universal democratic participation and centralized authoritative decision-making,collaborative vision and economic demands,the right to freedom of expression and a good Internet order.Collaborative governance subjects such as political party,government,Internet platform company,Internet industry associations and netizens participate in the collaborative governance of Internet information services in different ways of agglomeration,and achieve maximum governance effectiveness by playing corresponding roles,exploring their governance characteristics,and combining governance resources.Different from the linear,single-item governance process in the past,the collaborative governance process of Internet information services in China is a dynamic circular process developed through six steps and three stages,that is,the evaluation,expression,decision-making,execution,evaluation and accountability for the collaborative governance of Internet information services.The six links run through the three stages of decision-making,implementation and output.This process is inseparable from the continuous support of the system,organization and information guarantee elements.Based on the above four-dimensional elements,this paper constructs a coordinated governance model of Internet information service in China at the level that should be expected.Looking at the existing collaborative governance practices with the expected level of Internet information service collaborative governance model,we can find that there is a gap between the collaborative advantage at the theoretical level and the collaborative inertia at the practical level.The specific manifestation is: At the level of subject,the motivation is insufficient and the subject aggregation mode is involuntary,that is,the alienation of identity and the low sense of efficacy partially dispel citizens' willingness to participate in collaborative governance,the imbalance of economic logic and political logic has led to obstacles to the coordination of "government and enterprise",and there are also deviations in the recognition of the role of industry associations,and the government-led agglomeration model is involuntary;At the process level,the early stages of the decision-making stage are inefficient and poorly communicated;In the implementation stage,some decision-making implementations put too much emphasis on post-event processing,lacked in-process supervision and correction links,and lacked reciprocal bonds between the government and enterprises,citizens and regulatory subject;In the output stage,collaborative evaluation is absent,and the accountability mechanism also has the problem of imprecise accountability,such as government "liability overload" and social "accountability weakness".At the indemnification level,the institutional dimension has problems of "failure to reach a circle" and "fighting terms",the organizational dimension has the problems of fragmentation and the weakening of key nodes,and the information dimension has problems such as lack of sharing-research and judgment mechanisms and insufficient hardware.To realize the ideal model of collaborative governance of Internet information service of China,the governance structure should be optimized through the continuation of collaboration and the upgrading of the agglomeration model.In terms of the continuation of collaboration,the first is to motivate citizens by constructing role recognition and enhancing self-efficacy.Participation motivation is to strengthen the power of platform companies to fulfill their responsibilities in the “grey area” of protecting rights and regulations.In terms of upgrading the agglomeration model,the first is to enhance the subject agglomeration ability of the Internet industry associations to gather enterprise,and the second is to promote the construction of the subject clustering mode which is from top to bottom.It should be problem-oriented and benchmark the collaborative process from the three aspects of decision-making stage,implementation stage and output stage.In the decision-making stage,strengthen the "problem-oriented" and effective negotiation level;in the implementation stage,optimize the "process control" and reciprocal relationship with key points;in the output stage,establish an evaluation system and correct accountability alienation.It is necessary to consolidate the coordination of system,organization and information support.In the dimension of system protection,special system regulations and power and responsibility list construction should be carried out;in the dimension of organization protection,the party building should be used to promote the construction of "block integration" and organizational "network nodes";In the dimension of information security,better construction and sharing-research and judgment mechanism and platform hardware.With the development of Internet technology,the state of Internet information services will continue to change.This also makes the collaborative governance of Internet information services in China a common and new research topic,which requires continuous attention at the theoretical level.Looking forward to the research of collaborative governance of Internet information services can respond to the concerns of real pain points and enrich the theoretical forest of collaborative governance. |
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