On The Employment Effects Of Economic Growth In China

Obtain employment is the people's livelihood, this have important sense to whole society is produced and developing. Employment and reemployment related to the vital interests of millions of people and to the reform, development and stability. The employment pressure in China, not only on the total amount of oversupply, the problem of structural unemployment is very serious. In the background of global economic recession, China, the economic downturn increased pressure in transition employment problem is more prominent.2013, some13.1million urban dwellers found employment. The growth rate of GDP achieved7.7%,that is to say per GDP growth1%, employment population increase of1.701million people. In2012,this value is1.62million. With the employment of non-agricultural sector high "tolerance", the employment effect of the overall economic growth in China is low. In2012, for example, the national employment, up from2011in764million to2012in767million, the national employment net increase population is only3million. That is to say, from the perspective of the employment elasticity of the economy as a whole, in2012, GDP grew1%, per385000increase in employment, absorb degree is far lower than the urban sector employment. Not only that, unlike the rest of the world, our country appeared "okun paradox", namely the economic growth and employment growth appeared inconsistencies.Under this background, this paper attempts to answer the question is:first, what is the current level of Employment effect of economic growth? Second, under the trend of overall employment elasticity decreased, why does Chinese urban sector employment elasticity increased? What is the mechanism behind it? Third, Third, how to systematically expounded theoretically the impact of economic growth on employment? Fourth, What exactly the value of China's economic growth effect on employment, How to determine the coefficient of "Okun" as important reference factors of macroeconomic policy choices, and then optimizing the country's economy.In this paper, Study on the innovative results include the following:First, the employment effects theory of economic growth. In this paper,We constructed a theory of economic growth effect on employment from the perspective of the labor market for the first time. Economic growth effect on employment are implemented through the labor market. Based on the modern theory of labor economics and economic growth theory as the foundation, embarks from the labor market, respectively from the economic growth effect on labor demand and supply two aspects to obtain, build the analytical framework of economic growth effect on employment.Second, with regard to the status quo of employment effect of China's economic growth. We are collecting and organizing more than one hundred countries in the world of20years of economic growth and employment data, and by combining classification and key choice, as well as system compares our country's economic growth, employment elasticity and the similarities and differences between the rest of the world. We also researched employment effect of the economic growth in China from different perspectives. In this paper, the research found that the employment elasticity of developed countries in the world tend to drop, employment elasticity in our country also tends to decline. Although the employment elasticity in most developed countries decreased, it is far higher than the absolute value of it in our country. From the perspective of the employment elasticity of three industries, different from the development path of developed countries in the world is, the different of industrial employment elasticity between the second and the third industry in China is small. From the respective of regionalemployment elasticity,central minimum, the eastern most.Third, the influence of industrial structure of labor demand. From the perspective of the evolution of industry structure and employment structure, China's industrial structure and employment structure is basically follow the general laws of economic development, but there is deviation from the industrial structure and employment structure situation in china—the high proportion of secondary industry, tertiary industry the proportion is too low. By comparing the deviation from the analysis of industrial structure and employment structure as well as with the standard model, we find that:the maximum deviation of the structure is the first industry,which is the main sector of labor outflow. In China, agriculture still remains a lot of surplus labor force. The peak employment structure of our country does not appear in the second industry, but transferred directly from the primary sector to the tertiary industry. Compared with abroad, China's third industry development is relatively slow. Further analysis of the interior of the second and third industry employment structure, the new industrialization road improved the situation of employment while capital deepening worsen it, the employment flexibility of the labor-intensive and technology-intensive industry is basically the same. Dissonance internal China's third industry growth and structure, so that the demand for labor is reduced, the service industry development space is reduced, the ability to absorb employment gradually slow. Productive service industry accounted for third of industrial employment is far lower than the other countries in the world, which not only reflects the problems in the development of the third industry in our country, also shows that China's third industry employment is still great potential.Fourth,the impact of economic growth on labor quality. This paper argues that the promotion of economic growth, increased investment in education, investment in education mainly through two ways to increase the supply of labor, the first is to increase the total stock of human capital and to improve the total social labor capacity, and the second is to increase the willingness of workers labor. On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper set up additional economic model of human capital, from the perspective of labor changes to describe the direct relationship between labor supply and economic growth in China.By comparing international and domestic investment in the status quo in education, combined with the model, we found that our country is in the transition period of human capital. We need to not only improve the scale of investment in education and more need to perfect the education investment structure, and promote the increase of the vertical effect of labor.Fifth, Measure the effect on employment growth value This study found that first, the reduction of surplus agricultural labor force and economic growth has a very obvious synchronization, coordination and periodicity; second,Using two different methods to measure the agricultural surplus labor force. We found that our agriculture still has more surplus labor. Compared with the number of agricultural labor force transferred in our country, our country town employment population variation is almost trivial.Sixth, we construct the Okun's law of dual economic structure. Empirical results show that:Between China's urban unemployment rate of change and economic growth are not statistically significant, the economic growth rate for the transfer of the impact of the agricultural labor force is very obvious, it also verifies the conclusions of Chapter ?from the empirical. Excluding items in the urban unemployment rate differential, we come to the Okun model under extreme dual economic structure, and draws conclusions Okun coefficient of2.32, which means an increase of one percentage point of economic growth, boosting agricultural surplus labor transfer speed of2.32percentage points. In order to solve the10million working population as the basic goal of the assumptions of future GDP growth should limit of8.38%.