The Study On The Development History Of Higher Physical Education In China Since The Reform And Opening Up

In order to explore the law of the development of higher physical education and promote the rational development of higher education institutions,this paper uses the method of document literature,expert interview method,mathematical statistics,comparative analysis,case analysis and other research methods to make research on the process,characteristics,effect and problem and the influencing factors of Chinese higher physical education since reform and opening up.And on the analysis of existing opportunities and challenges that to higher physical education in the new period,development idea is put forward.The specific conclusions are as follows:(1)The development course: since the Reform and Opening Up,the development of Chinese higher physical education has experienced the recovery and adjustment,norms and reform,expansion and optimizationof three stages.Features: the educational goal orientation from emphasize denotative development to connotative development,the direction of running school is from emphasize service for education career to lay equal stress on social service,scientific research and teaching;management form dominated by government management mode to the marketization of school independent management mode change;the set of subject major from a single class of sports science disciplines primarily to interdisciplinary;talent training goal from single cultivation of teachers to " four kinds of professional " direction.(2)The achievements: established the "teaching,training,scientific research" three-in-one combination of guidelines for and "double top" educational goals positioning;gradually carry out the mode of autonomous management by law;built the multiple disciplines of professional sports system;built a multi-objective,multi-level,many forms of talent cultivation system.Problems: the educational target and teaching direction are swing,educational target positioning have structural imbalance;the property is single,socialization degree is not high;adjustment of disciplines fit with the social demand is not high.professional disciplines layout is unreasonable,way of talents training goal can't implement in an all-round way,way of cultivate talents is unreasonable.(3)political,higher education,sports,and the demanding for self-development are the main reasons for promoting the growth of higher sports education.(4)Opportunity:the popularization of higher education,power construction of higher education,the development of social sports and competitive sports,the increasingly enhanced of physical education college and university's strength,which brings huge opportunities for the development of higher education.Challenge: contradiction between the leading of national unity policy and the difference of school's orientation,the choice for specialty construction "full" and "designed",the diversification of body of education and need of talents,the development of comprehensive universities and sports speciality in normal school and so on,all of which become a major challenge for the growth of higher physical education.(5)Developmental strategy: first,the differentiation of object localization.Establishing a characteristic professional sports colleges and universities with the "teaching,training,scientific,research" series of multi-level,multi-type,characteristics.Second,self-independence of school's management.The government and university should set up a harmonious system between the education authorities and sports administrative organs.Third,making the construction of specialty characteristic.Consolidating the ecru speciality major-sport education and training discipline,exploiting a new characteristic speciality like physical health and rehabilitation discipline.Fourth,the diversity of ways to nurture talents.Improving the teaching pattern that is the combination of sport and teaching of institutionalization and unity in order to cultivating excellent athletes and coaches;exploring the pattern of talent's developing of sport bond with medicine in order to develop characteristic talents what "physical and medical combination" needed.Fifth,opening up the process of education.Expanding the scope of exchanges and collaboration that with china and foreign universities collages and scientific research institutions,so that to improving the servant for social.