Research On The Moral Externality Of Middle And Senior Students In Primary School

As a powerful power to maintain the mainstream moral authority in modern society,moral externality is not only conducive to the establishment of a moral and cultural atmosphere of promoting good and suppressing evil,but also conducive to the completion of the second sublimation of the ideal moral person by individuals.Under the guidance of the theoretical analysis structure frame of moral externality constructed by Professor Fu Weili,this study reveals the characteristics of moral externality of middle and senior grade students in primary school,and probes into the factors that influence moral externality.Furthermore,some strategies are put forward to cultivate the students' moral externality in the middle and senior grades of primary school.In this study,senior and middle students from seven primary schools in Dalian,Shenyang and Kaiyuan in Liaoning province were investigated.A total of 3450 questionnaires were issued in this study,and 3224 valid questionnaires were recovered.Since then,the collected data are statistically analyzed by using SPSS21.0software,and the conclusions are as follows:Firstly,the totality characteristics of moral externality among middle and senior grade students are as follows: In terms of integrity level,the integrity level of moral externality is increasing with the increase of students' age.The middle-grade pupils are in the middle-low level of moral externality,and the senior-grade pupils are at the middle-level slightly higher level of the moral externality.In the aspect of fractal dimension,the level of development among the dimensions of moral externality is not balanced.The goal dimension and the interest-related degree dimension are at a moderate and slightly higher level,and the risk expectation and ability or wisdom dimensions are at a moderate lower level.In terms of domain characteristics,the involvement and level of moral externality in the field of private morality are higher than those in the field of learning morality and public morality in the middle and senior grades of primary school.Secondly,the differences of moral externality between middle and senior grade students are as follows: Male students were better than girls in goal dimension,risk expectation dimension,and ability or intelligence dimension.The level of female students is better than that of male students in the dimension of interest-related degree.The level of moral externality in senior pupils is better than that in middle school students.The level of risk expectation dimension and ability or intelligence dimension of urban students is better than that of rural students.The level of only-child is better than that of non-only-child in every dimension of moral externality.The level of student cadres is better than that of non-student cadres in every dimension of moral externality.Students with higher parents' education have higher level of moral externality than those with lower parents' education.In addition,the author conducted in-depth interviews with 30 middle and senior primary school students and 10 primary school teachers,in order to further understand the underlying reasons that affect the individual moral externality of their students.Through the interview survey,it is found that the main objective factors that affect the moral externality of the middle and senior grade students in primary school are as follows: The absence,dislocation and inadequacy of moral externality education in the family.Parents have a bad role model for their children.Moral externality is in a state that has not been paid attention to in school moral education.The legal system guarantee of moral externality is not in place.The society lacks the moral and cultural atmosphere of rectifying justice.The subjective factors that affect the morality externality of the upper-grade students in primary school are: The concept and boundary of individual students' moral externality are vague.Students have a lower level of cognition and acceptance of moral externality.Students overestimate or measure the power of moral violators.The individual's cognition of the identity of the moral violators has the authority orientation and the relation orientation.There is still a lack of operational methods to correct the immoral behavior of the individual.According to the results of the investigation,the author thinks that the cultivation of students' moral externality should follow the two main lines:The first main line is that the cultivation of moral externality should follow the main line of totality and differential characteristics.In terms of totality characteristics,we should properly grasp the order and law of the development of moral externality in the middle and senior grades of primary school students,including the following two parts of strategies: The first is to guide the development level of moral externality in the middle and higher grades of primary school students from low to high,including: In the purpose dimension,the middle and senior students are gradually guided to the self-interest and to the general public interest.In the dimension of interest-related degree,we should cultivate the sense of justice for all kinds of interest-related moral events among the middle and senior grade students in primary school.In the dimension of risk expectation,the sensitivity of middle and senior grade students to the judgment of risk expectation of moral externality is gradually improved,so that they can make a suitable choice of moral externality within the scope of individual controllable risk.In the dimension of ability or wisdom,the senior students in primary school can be skillfully "skillful" in all kinds of moral events,so as to move towards the bright practice of wisdom.The second is to encourage the students to gradually transition from the field of private morality to moral externality in the field of weak public morality.The cultivation of moral externality can not be applied to the narrow private life circle,and students should be guided to gradually extrapolate from the moral externality in the field of private morality and academic morality to the field of public morality,which can finally realize the balanced development of the students' involvement in the field of private morality,academic morality and public morality.In the aspect of the difference characteristics,we should construct the development strategy of moral externality in the middle and senior grade students with distinct pertinence.To cultivate female students to view immoral behavior from the perspective of justice and universality.To encourage female students' self-confidence in moral externality to get rid of the conservatism of the expectation of moral externality risk.To strengthen the insight and flexibility of moral externality of the female.To guide the boys to gradually dilute the relatively narrow view of interests of moral externality.To guide the students in the middle and senior grades of primary school to the reasonable development area of moral externality.To expand the living space of the rural students and increase the positive experience of moral externality.To help non-only children improve their level of moral externality.To implement the system of regular rotation of the class cadres to cultivate the responsibility of moral externality of the non-student cadres.To help guide the moral externality of students whose parents are less educated.The second main line is that the cultivation of moral externality requires multiple forces to carry out the corresponding responsibility,because it is difficult to cultivate students' moral externality by only relying on a single strength.In terms of family responsibilities,these include: Parents should play an exemplary role in the moral externality of their children.Parents' monitoring of their children's moral externality should change from promoting accompanying to independence and autonomy.In terms of school responsibility,these include: The goal orientation of school moral education reform should change from self-discipline moral education to external moral education.To promote the school teachers' moral externality to the specialization step by step.To improve students' cognition of moral externality from knowing,understanding to identifying level.To teach students to adhere to the idea of treating different objects without discrimination.To skillfully set up the case of moral externality and incorporate it into the textbooks of moral education in primary schools.To explore the optimal combination method which is conducive to the development of students' moral externality or wisdom.To establish the regulation of correcting and accountability for moral violations in class.In terms of good social support security,these include: Society should create a just moral and cultural atmosphere and implement a strong legal system of moral externality.