| Sports city is a type of city with sports and leisure promoting the good life of the city as its main theme under the background of "national fitness","national leisure" and "national happiness".Sports and leisure as a positive way of leisure,the benefits of its extensive development have been confirmed in the practice and development of foreign cities.Sports city is based on the advantages of urban sports and leisure resources to further enhance the functions of urban sports and leisure.In fact,the promotion of this function will promote both people and the city itself.From the perspective of promoting human development,this is the change of life style: promoting sports leisure to become the normal life.From the perspective of promoting urban development,this is the transformation of development mode: promoting the positive interaction between sports and leisure and urban development.Although in recent years,sports and other related departments have mentioned the vision of creating sports city,and even some cities have incorporated the creation of sports city into the development of urban planning,so far the industry has not formed a unified and clear consensus on the connotation and development level of sports city,based on this.It is necessary to study the evaluation index system of sports city.This paper makes a theoretical and Empirical Analysis on the evaluation index system of sports city by using the methods of literature,expert interview,Delphi,field investigation and case study.The research draws the following conclusions:1.By investigating with experts and scholars,an evaluation index system of sports cities in China is established,which consists of three first-level indicators,six second-level indicators and twenty-three third-level indicators.Among them,the first level index includes the urban environment sports leisure ability,urban basic sports leisure ability and urban core sports leisure ability.Secondary indexes include natural environment,social environment,facilities and places for sports leisure,organizations and personnel for sports leisure,economy for sports leisure and sports leisure activities.The threelevel index includes 23 indicators,including the proportion of the days of the year when the weather for suitable outdoor activities reaches the standard.2.This paper chooses the grey entropy model constructed by grey correlation analysis and entropy method as the research method of sports city evaluation.Twenty-four cities in China were selected as the survey objects for the horizontal and vertical evaluation of sports and leisure cities.In the horizontal evaluation,11 cities such as Dalian,Qingdao,Xiamen,Nanjing,Guangzhou,Hangzhou,Ningbo,Chengdu,Tianjin,Shenzhen and Fuzhou are finally identified as sports cities.Wenzhou is a potential sports city.In the vertical evaluation,it is considered that the development of industry is very important for the development of a city and the key to its urban growth.After a series of evaluation of industrial convergence,this paper predicts the future trend of sports city that sports and leisure industry will have closer cooperation with "life service industry".3.The current characteristics of practice in China's sports cities are mainly reflected in the following aspects: the periodic development of agglomeration and diffusion effects;The interweaving of duality and complexity;The coexistence of stages and disequilibrium.At present,the dilemma in the development of sports cities in China is: the mismatch between the urbanization process and the development degree of sports and leisure;The intensification of public service and the shortage of infrastructure;The undocking between the sports and leisure industry supply and diversified demand;Sports and leisure industry needs to be more attractive to social capital.The role of natural resources in sports and leisure is not fully worked.The conflict between shortterm formalism and long-term sports and leisure development.The paper explains the main reasons for the predicament of the development of sports cities in China from four perspectives: from the perspective of urban sociology,the sports system and sports culture lag behind in the change of urban social structure;Firstly,the urban governance system centered on sports and leisure has not yet been formed from the perspective of urban management;Secondly,the inter-governmental relations between the sports administrative departments at all levels have not been straightened out.Firstly,the supply efficiency of sports and leisure infrastructure is low under the circumstance of urban space growth from the perspective of urban economics;Secondly,the law between urban development and sports and leisure economy is not grasped.From the perspective of urban ecology,the concept of natural capital investment is not well understood in the development of sports and leisure planning.4.Currently,there are three main directions of the development of sports cities in China: 1)industrial structure transformation: to promote the construction of sports and leisure services;2)spatial layout optimization: strengthen the construction of sports and leisure city;3)comprehensive environment improvement: optimize the role construction of sports and leisure city government.Specific paths: 1)strengthen policy support and cultivate social forces' motivation to participate;2)cultivate the concept of sports and leisure,and expand the consumption market of sports and leisure;3)establish the concept of integrated development and promote the cross-border connection of sports and leisure industry;4)build a sports and leisure complex and create an urban sports and leisure culture scene;5)create an online public opinion environment and accelerate the construction of sports city image;6)with the help of scientific and technological elements,help the new practice of intelligent sports;7)to meet the needs of development and establish an effective statistical database.5.In the future,the city is bound to develop toward a trend of more service and convenience.From the perspective of rationality and innovation in urban planning and design,the rationality of urban planning in sports cities is mainly highlighted in: 1)create a sports and leisure ecological pattern matching with urban resources according to the advantages of natural resources in different regions;2)make use of sports and leisure to create a "circular society" urban development model;3)construct the concept of "people-centered" social welfare.The innovation of urban planning in sports cities mainly focuses on the urban planning guidance of "leisure sports and sports activities" and the cultivation of active urban lifestyle.To sum up,sports cities conform to the trend of future citie's development,and promote a better life in the city from three aspects: " city changes","public feelings" and "sense of social identity".This mainly reflects the people's nature of sports city development,so it is bound to move towards the living mode of future cities. |
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