Study On The Government And Market Supply Mechanism Of Preschool Education In China

With the accelerating trend of population aging and the adjustment of China's fertility policy,the demand for preschool education expands rapidly.In addition,the public and the government gradually agree that preschool education is of great significance to individual learning and life as well as economic and social development,which also brings an urgent need for high-quality preschool education.Contrary to the strong demand for preschool education,China's preschool education satisfaction is low,and it does not conform to the policy of "running education that satisfies the people".Therefore,from the perspective of public demands and policy orientation,it is urgent to integrate the efforts of the government,families and other social organizations to improve the supply mechanism of preschool education.The low preschool education satisfaction is linked to the people's wellbeing issue that getting into the kindergarten is difficult and expensive.To solve this problem,it is still necessary to re-define the functions of the government and the market in preschool education supply.From the perspective of the current studies on the functions of the government and the market in preschool education supply,most of the studies are mainly based on the perspective of the government.The research on the complementary and cooperative relationship between the government mechanism and the market mechanism based on the product attributes of preschool education needs to be considered theoretically and explored in practice.Therefore,in order to improve preschool education supply mechanism,it is essential to lay a sound theoretical foundation for this research,combine with supply of preschool education objective and subjective demands of the public.Therefore,this paper targets at the complementary and cooperative mechanism of government and market supply for preschool education,analyzes the severe problems of the preschool education objective supply with qualitative research method and analyzes the preschool education subjective satisfaction with quantitative research method.Finally,this paper will build the cost sharing mechanism in preschool education based on preschool education quasi-public product attributes,the principles of efficiency and fairness,and clear division of preschool education power.The research contents of this paper include:The first chapter is the introduction.This chapter mainly introduces the background and significance of the topic selection.On the basis of reviewing the existing literature and identifying the gaps in the research,it anchors the research object,determines the logical framework and research method of this paper,and describes the possible innovations and shortcomings.The second chapter is the theoretical analysis.In order to clarify the functional division between the government and the market supply mechanism of preschool education,based on the public product theory,the product attribute of preschool education is defined as a quasi-public product.In detail,preschool education products have positive externalities at the individual level and the social level,as well as the non-competitiveness and non-exclusivity in the consumption process to a certain extent,and the competitiveness and exclusivity to a certain extent after going beyond a specific range.On this basis,the problems of preschool education satisfaction and preschool education cost sharing are discussed respectively.Finally,from the point of the government and the market mechanism division of labor and cooperation,the government's role,financial supports of the government,the governance and spending of preschool education between central and local governments and so on,this chapter summarizes some typical countries' functional division between the government and the market supply mechanism of preschool education.The third chapter is the qualitative analysis of the severe problems of preschool education supply in China.Accurate understanding of the prominent problems in the supply of preschool education in China is the primary basic condition for reforming and improving the design of China's preschool education system.Therefore,based on the historical evolution of division of labor and cooperation between government and market mechanism in preschool education supply in China,the government's function positioning and rules,the governance and spending of preschool education between central and local governments,and the government's financial support forms and performance,this chapter tries to analyze the prominent problems in the supply of preschool education in China from the aspects of the division of labor between the government and the market,the division of the authority and expenditure responsibility of preschool education between the governments,the difference between provinces,the difference between urban and rural areas,and the performance.The fourth chapter is the empirical analysis of preschool education satisfaction in China.In contrast to the two important providers of preschool education,the government and the market supply mechanism,children receiving preschool education and their parents constitute the main demand side of preschool education.The quasi-public product attribute and positive externality of preschool education also mean that the satisfaction of children and their parents for preschool education should become an important factor to consider the efficiency of government and market supply of preschool education.Therefore,from the perspective of preschool education demand,this chapter accurately measures preschool education satisfaction based on scientific methods,and comprehensively considers various factors affecting preschool education satisfaction,trying to identify the "pain point" in the process of government and market supply of preschool education in China,and provide policy direction for improving the government and market supply of preschool education in China.To be specific,the influencing factors of preschool education satisfaction are concretized into individual factors of parents of children,objective supply factors of preschool education and intermediary factors,and the influence of kindergarten type,proportion of preschool education expenditure in income and other factors on preschool education satisfaction in China is analyzed.The fifth chapter is the cost sharing mechanism of preschool education in China.Reasonable and clear delineation of preschool education supply authority,improve the cost sharing mechanism is an important way to solve the current severe problem of preschool education supply and low level of satisfaction.Therefore,first of all,this chapter explores the cost accounting of preschool education in combination with the practice of preschool education,and makes a comparison with the current investment in preschool education in China to find the gap of investment in preschool education in China.Secondly,on the basis of dividing the functions of government and market in preschool education supply,and clarifying the powers of governments at all levels,the cost sharing mechanism of preschool education including government,market and governments at all levels is estimated to be constructed.Finally,this chapter also takes the ZS District of DL city as an example to calculate the cost sharing of preschool education based on the survey data.The sixth chapter is the conclusion and suggestion of perfecting the mechanism of government and market supply of preschool education in China.Based onpreschool education quasi-public product attributes,fair principle and efficiency principle,combined with the prominent problems in preschool education supply,the empirical results of preschool education satisfaction and the structure of preschool education cost sharing,this chapter attempts to put forward suggestions on improving the mechanism of government and market in preschool education from the perspectives of the functional orientation of government and market,the institutional supply of government,the division of governmental authority and expenditure responsibility,and the way of financial support for preschool education.To be specific,first of all,it is necessary to calibrate the function positioning of preschool education government and market supply,make the government assume the basic quality standard service responsibility of preschool education supply,and make the market mechanism play the role of satisfying high-quality diversified standard service responsibility in preschool education supply.Secondly,the government should improve the supply function of preschool education system,which is mainly reflected in the strategic planning of preschool education,the formulation of preschool education quality standards,the establishment of preschool education quality supervision,evaluation and disclosure system,the establishment of preschool education teacher construction guarantee system,and the realization of preschool education legislation as soon as possible.Third,this chapter establishes a standardized division system between the governmental powers and expenditure responsibilities for preschool education,and clearly divides the governmental powers and expenditure responsibilities for preschool education among the central,provincial and county governments.Finally,from the perspective of establishing and perfecting the investment mechanism of preschool education funds and diversifying financial supports,the financial support modes and performance in preschool education supply in China are optimized.In order to study the division of labor and cooperation between government and market mechanism in the supply process of preschool education in China more comprehensively and accurately,this paper tries to lay a solid foundation from two aspects of preschool education satisfaction analysis and preschool education cost accounting and sharing mechanism construction.First of all,in order to implement the empirical analysis of preschool education satisfaction,the satisfaction data in the existing studies are mainly from large-scale surveys.Considering that the survey on preschool education satisfaction costs too much time and money,the data of preschool education satisfaction in this paper is mainly based on the education satisfaction data in the China Family Tracking Survey(CFPS)questionnaire,which is converted into available preschool education satisfaction data by adding restrictions.At the same time,benefiting from the continuous characteristics of China Family Panel Studies data,this paper analyzes the changing trend of national preschool education satisfaction during the important reform stage of preschool education.For another,the model not only verifies the significant influence of preschool education supply to government and market division of labor on satisfaction,but also analyzes the differences between the factors reducing preschool education dissatisfaction and the factors improving preschool education satisfaction among the objective supply factors.This provides an alternative policy path for improving the government and market mechanism of preschool education supply.Furthermore,the cost of preschool education is defined as the opportunity cost that meets the quality standards of basic needs under the premise that resources are fully utilized,and this definition is strictly followed in the cost accounting.At the same time,considering the heterogeneity of preschool education development between regions,a cost accounting method that can be adjusted with economy and quality is designed.The cost accounting method constructed in this paper can not only serve as the basis for cost sharing of preschool education,but also serve as a reference for evaluating the rationality of preschool education expenditure input.