Research On Geographical Practice Activities Content Of Middle School And High School From Curriculum Texts In The Past Century

Practicality is one of the basic attributes of geography.In the past century since the birth of school geography curriculum in the late Qing Dynasty,geographical practice activities in middle school and high school have been playing an important role in the geography curriculum system.Investigation,observation,investigation and experiment are not only the important research methods of geography,but also the important teaching and learning methods of middle school and high school geography curriculum.They are also the important contents,ways and means of the reform of geography education mode and teaching methods.As the main way to cultivate students' practical ability in geography,middle school and high school geographical practice activities have aroused wide attention in the international education field.Among the many factors of geographical practice teaching,the teaching content is the decisive factor.The content of different geographical practice activities determines the corresponding forms of activities,teaching methods,evaluation methods and so on.Therefore,through the historical analysis of the content of geographical practice activities in the curriculum texts,this paper explores the inherent characteristics and laws of geographical practice activities,so as to provide support for geographical practice teaching.Curriculum texts in different historical periods condense the results of theoretical research and the crystallization of practice at that time.Curriculum texts carry the will of the country,embody the spirit of science,and are the material carrier of curriculum and teaching.Curriculum texts can be regarded as the literal language expression of the content characteristics of geographic practice activities,which is programmatic and mandatory.Although the practice is rich and colorful,educational practice is required to be implemented in this way,and the essential spirit cannot deviate from the requirements of the curriculum texts.Therefore,we can reveal the development process and characteristics of geographical practice content in different historical periods of middle school and high school in China through the textual research of the history of curriculum texts.From the perspective of curriculum planning,this research grasps the overall disciplinary background of the content changes of geographical practice activities.From the perspective of geography curriculum standards,this research examines the changing laws and trends of geography teaching content system.Finally,from the perspective of geography textbooks,it explores the evolution process and law of the content of geographical practice activities in terms of theme,form,quantity and difficulty.Taking the 1904 "Zouding School Regulations" as the starting point for the study of the curriculum texts,this research is based on the perspective of the Curriculum texts and focuses on the changes in the content of the geographical practice activities in the past century.Based on the historical evolution of curriculum texts,this paper uses content analysis to explore the characteristics and laws of the content of middle school and high school geographical practice activities in China from the late Qing Dynasty to the present.In the process of historically combing the content of geographical practice activities in curriculum texts,we find out the problems existing in the curriculum texts and the content of geographical practice activities,and put forward optimization strategies.It provides a detailed historical basis for the research on the content of geographical practice activities,and puts forward reasonable suggestions for the teaching of geographical practice activities and the revision of curriculum texts.The introduction part mainly expounds the origin of the research,the background of the topic selection,the purpose and significance of the research,the research methods and research ideas,and makes a literature review of the research on the content of geographical practice activities and the geography curriculum texts.The first,second and third chapters focus on the historical change process of the curriculum texts,showing the development context of the content of middle school and high school geographical practice activities in the past century.This paper divides the middle school and high school curriculum into three stages: before the 1950 s,including the late Qing government,Beiyang government and Nanjing National Government;after the 1950 s,with the reform and opening up as the boundary,including two periods;after the 21 st century,it is the new curriculum reform period.This paper analyzes the contents and requirements of geographical practice activities from three levels of curriculum texts: curriculum plan,geography curriculum standard(Syllabus)and geography textbook.This paper summarizes the characteristics ofGeography Curriculum in different periods from the four aspects of curriculum name,class hours and subjects,curriculum types and curriculum objectives;summarizes the curriculum requirements of curriculum texts in different periods for the content of geographical practice activities;analyzes the basic characteristics of textbook content system and the general situation of approval and publication;summarizes and analyzes the characteristics and reasons of the content of middle school and high school geographical practice activities in different periods.Finally,it summarizes the main achievements and limitations of middle school and high school geographical practice teaching in each stage.The fourth chapter based on the change process of the content of geographical practice activities in curriculum texts,in the past century.The content system of middle school and high school geographical practice activities is defined from the perspectives of the concept,form,classification,characteristics,implementation approach and significance of middle school and high school geographical practice activities,so as to serve as the basis for elaborating the content of geographical practice activities.The fifth chapter adopts the method of content analysis,focusing on the content characteristics of middle school and high school geographical practice activities from the theme,form,quantity and difficulty.This paper makes a longitudinal historical study of PEP Textbooks,and makes a horizontal comparative analysis of the content characteristics of practical activities between the current seven editions of middle school textbooks and the four editions of high school textbooks.Through the analysis of the content characteristics of geographical practice activities,this paper finds out the content characteristics of middle school and high school geographical practice activities,and puts forward the corresponding teaching suggestions.The sixth chapter analyzes and summarizes the problems existing in the design and implementation of the curriculum texts in the process of the content reform of middle school and high school geographical practice activities.In view of the problems existing in curriculum design,curriculum requirements,curriculum implementation and curriculum evaluation,this paper puts forward some revision suggestions from the perspective of curriculum plan,curriculum standards,textbooks and other curriculum texts.Finally,it looks forward to the development of geographical practice teaching in middle school and high school in our country from four aspects: the establishment of teaching goals,the selection of teaching content,the optimization of teaching methods and the shift of teaching evaluation.