| Under the background of Chinese high-quality economic development in the new era,Chinese ice and snow industry ushers in a golden development period.The coming 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games has also provided a great opportunity for the developmet of Chinese ice and snow sports industry.The core of the developmet of Chinese ice and snow sports industry is to develop ice and snow industrial organization(including Chinese Ice Hockey League CHL organization).This paper studies industrial organization development theory and learns the advanced development experience of ice and snow industrial organization both at home and abroad,to explore the formation mechanism,influencing factors and path trend of the development of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization.The goals of this paper are as follows: enhancing the strength of Chinese competitive ice and snow sports;meeting the popular need of ice and snow sports products;promoting the healthy and rapid development of Chinese ice and snow industry;supporting the high-quality development of Chinese sports industry.Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL),which starts on August 2,2019,is in the initial stage at present.From the perspective of “ice and snow industrial organization development”,this paper uses the theoretical deduction method,empirical analysis method,comparative analysis method,historical analysis method and expert survey method,and based on the transaction cost theory,industrial organization theory,evolution theory and stakeholder theory,analyses the formation mechanism,influencing factors and path trend of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization.This paper attempts to establish the formation mechanism model of ice and snow industrial organization and construct the Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization development theory in order to scientifically understand the characteristics and laws of ice and snow industrial organization development represented by Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization.Ice and snow industry is the collection of individuals,organizations and enterprises that produce and provide ice and snow products(services).The ice and snow industry in this paper mainly refers to the ice and snow sports industry(not includes ice and snow equipment manufacturing).Ice and snow industrial organization is the inter-enterprise organization or market relationship in the ice and snow industry.Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)is a professional ice hockey competition jointly held by professional ice hockey clubs,China Ice Hockey Association and winter sports center of General Administration of Sport of China etc.The essence of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization is a professional ice hockey league,which is one of the important components of ice and snow industrial organization.Ice and snow industrial organization is the main carrier of the development of ice and snow industry.The advanced experiences show that the development of professional ice and snow industry plays an important role in the development of ice and snow industry.The representative ice and snow industrial organization in North America is National Hockey League(NHL)organization,in China is Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization.The main conclusions are as following:Firstly,in the part of the formation mechanism of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization,this paper founds that the formation of Chinese ice and snow industrial organization is the result of a series factors: the elements of ice and snow industrial organization are the driving factors of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization formation through intermediary and control effects;dominant interest group(the state or the government)is the main driving force to promote the formation of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization;non-dominant interest groups(represented by professional ice hockey clubs)are the secondary driving force to promote the formation of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization;the compatibility of dominant interest group and non-dominant interest groups is the key condition for the formation of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization.Secondly,in the part of the influencing factors of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization,this paper analyzes from both intermediary effect and control effect perspectives.Intermediary effect influences the formation of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization through macro-environmental factors: the “economic environment” has a significant positive influence on the formation of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization;“social environment” has a positive influence on the formation of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization;“technological environment” has a negative influence on the formation of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization;“policy environment” has a significant positive effect on the formation of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization.Market structure not only plays a controlling role but also is a solid foundation on the formation of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization.Market structure influences the formation of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization through market structure,market conduct,market performance and innovation.In market structure,market demand has a a significant positive influence on the formation of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization;in market conduct,advertising has a significant positive influence on the formation of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization;market performance does not have a significant influence on the formation of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization;in innovation index,crisis management has a significant negative influence on the formation of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization.Thirdly,in the part of the development path trend of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization,this paper thinks that the development of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization is accomplished by the interest game between the dominant interest groups represented by the government and the non-dominant interest groups represented by professional ice hockey clubs.Referring to the researches on the development stage of Chinese industrial organization and ice and snow industry policies,the development path of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization can be divided into three stages: generation stage,scale development stage and innovation development stage.The corresponding development patterns are government-led pattern,government-market mixed pattern and market-led pattern.The development trend for Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization is going to become a ecological platform.In different development stages,the organization form of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization is a dynamic process.In the generation stage,it is mainly a government-led association organization.In the scale development stage,it is mainly a league organization that conforms to the modern enterprise system.It has the characteristics of clear property rights,separation of government and enterprise,clear powers and responsibilities,scientific management,openness,fairness,and so on.In the innovation development stage,it is a mainly market-led ecological platform professional league organization that conforms to the modern enterprise system.The organization is supported by new technologies such as 5G,AR,VR,Internet of Things and blockchain,so that it can develop in a online and offline integrated way.The evolution process of Chinese Ice Hockey League(CHL)organization is an association organization,a league organization that conforms to the modern enterprise system,and an ecological platform professional league organization.Facing the requirements of China economic transformation and high-quality development,Chinese ice and snow industry and its industrial organization are far behind the expectation of the government and the demand of consumers.The policy recommendations of Chinese ice and snow industry and its industrial organization are as following: reform the sports management system and mechanism,strengthen the construction of modern enterprise system;improve the policy system of ice and snow industry,promote the transformation of ice and snow industry;strengthen technology integration and the development of ice and snow products,promote the modernization of ice and snow industry chain and supply chain;improve the training system of ice and snow reserve talents,lay a solid foundation for the development of ice and snow industry and its industrial organization;establish a scientific evaluation index system,improve the efficiency of ice and snow industry and its industrial organization;innovate the organizational form of the ice and snow industrial organization,build a national and regional ice and snow industry platform. |
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