The Study On Employment Effect And Health Effect Of Education

After more than 20 years of rapid growth,the number and speed of the growth of rural non-agricultural labors have been declining in recent years.With the decline of rural non-agricultural labors' transfer speed,the rise of labor cost is accompanied.In the decade since 2005,China's labor costs have risen fivefold,and firms in some developed economies have shifted their production to lower-cost countries or moved back to their own countries.However,compared with the optimal scale of rural labor transfer,the transfer of rural labor to cities is always lower than the optimal level of society.From the perspective of social optimum,let more rural labor force into urban work can bring faster economic growth,and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas.According to the migration model of rural labor force and the current situation of social and economic development in China,this paper argues that the reasons for the insufficient absorption of rural labor force can be roughly considered from the following four aspects.Firstly,there are various institutional and non-institutional barriers to rural non-agricultural labors entering cities in China's labor market.Secondly,the general education level of rural non-agricultural labors is not high and their vocational skills are lacking.Third,the impact of their own health level.Fourth,the impact of parents' health.Because of the rapid economic growth realized by long-term investment of production factors such as human resources,it is increasingly difficult to sustain under the background of the aging population structure and the gradual decline of labor force in China.Changing the mode of economic development and realizing the adjustment of economic structure are the realistic measures for China's economy to maintain sustained growth and successfully surmount the "middle income trap" in the present and future.Therefore,depending on the progress of science and technology,improving the contribution of TFP to economic growth will be the direction of China's economic development in the future.In this context,the importance of human capital is increasing to realize the smooth transfer of rural labor to urban and non-agricultural industries and to be able to live and work in peace and contentment.Among the many factors that hinder the transfer of rural labor force,education plays a fundamental role and is the key variable to improve other negative factors.In view of this,this paper will examine its impact on rural non-agricultural labors from the perspective of education.Specifically,this paper will examine whether education is conducive to the rural labor force to overcome the barriers to migration,thereby improving their performance in the labor market,and whether good performance in the labor market plays an important channel role in the process of education affecting the health of rural non-agricultural labors and their parents.If the answer is yes,increasing investment in rural education can not only directly promote the transfer of rural labor force to non-agricultural industries,but also indirectly promote the migration of rural labor force,reduce the cost of economic operation and promote the healthy development of China's economy by improving the health of themselves and their parents.Using data from China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2014,this paper explores the impact of education on Rural Labor Migration Decision-making and labor market performance.Considering sample selectivity and endogeneity of education level,we deal with it with Heckman two-step method and instrumental variables.The results show that education can not only effectively promote rural labor migration to urban and non-agricultural industries,but also significantly improve the performance of rural non-agricultural labors in the labor market,and this improvement is achieved by improving their labor productivity.Similarly,the data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2014 were used to identify the impact of education on the health of rural non-agricultural labors by using the two-stage least squares(2SLS)method,using the average years of education in the community as an instrumental variable.The results show that education has a significant positive impact on the health of rural non-agricultural labors,and this impact has gender and age heterogeneity.The relaxation of budget constraints and the improvement of efficiency play an important role in the process of education affecting the health of rural non-agricultural labors.Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2011 and 2013,two-stage least squares(2SLS)method was used to identify the impact of rural non-agricultural labors' education on parents' health.The results show that the education of rural non-agricultural labors has a significant positive impact on parents' health,and the impact is heterogeneous in terms of parents' education,gender and age,and children's gender and living arrangements.The relaxation of budgetary constraints and the improvement of efficiency play an important role in the process of influencing the health of parents in the education of rural non-agricultural labors.Based on the above conclusions,this paper suggests: first,improving the rural revitalization strategy and accelerating rural areas development.Second,increase investment in education in rural areas,and strengthen the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of funds.Third,we should continue to deepen the reform of the household registration system,make social security and other public services fair and open to rural non-agricultural labors,and reduce the cost of rural labor transfer to cities.Fourth,we should formulate fair labor market rules and unify urban and rural and urban labor markets.Fifth,we should increase the publicity,education and popularization of health knowledge and behavior.Sixth,improve the medical insurance system in different places.Through the above policies and measures to promote rural labor migration to urban and non-agricultural industries,reduce labor costs,and strive for time for the transformation of China's economic development mode and structural adjustment,thereby promoting the healthy development of China's economy and society.