| Objective: Running is a highly repetitive periodic sport with continuous alternation of lower limbs.In addition,the musculoskeletal development of young middle and long-distance runners is in the stage of rapid development,which leads to frequent lower limb sports injuries.Sport function is an important factor affecting sports injury.However,at present,there is a lack of research on sport function and sports injury of young middle and long distance runners.The connotation,structure and evaluation index system of sport function need to be improved.Based on the classification of functions in the international classification of function,disability and health(2015)of the World Health Organization,this study determines the connotation and structural elements of body function,constructs an evaluation index system of sport function of young middle and long-distance runners,explores the differences of sport function between young middle and long-distance runners who are healthy and injured,and provides a basis for identifying risk factors of sports injury.Methods: Using literature,interviews,questionnaires,tests,mathematical statistics and other research methods.Taking 38 healthy middle and long-distance runners in an amateur sports school in a province as subjects,the indexes of their sport function were tested with the test method.According to the athletes' sports injury within one year after the test,they were divided into healthy group and injury group.The sport function of the two groups were compared.Research results:1.Sport function refers to the neuromusculoskeletal and movement related functions.It is the function of the human motor system under the control of the neuromuscular system,including joint function,muscle function and motor function.It belongs to the subordinate concept of body function.2.The total score of FMS test of young middle and long distance runners is 14.93±1.58.The scores of squat,body rotation stability and trunk stability push ups are low(<2),and the shoulder flexibility is good(2.87±0.52),while the scores of hurdle step,straight leg split squat and active leg lift are at the medium level(2.10-2.31);There was no significant difference between left and right sides(p>0.05).Except for the flexibility of the left and right joints,the ROM of hip adduction was significantly different(p<0.05),and there was no significant difference in other flexibility and stability indexes of the two sides(p>0.05).There was no significant difference in all indexes of muscle function between the left and right sides(p>0.05).Except for the motor functionof eye opening static single leg standing,forward jumping single leg jumping and landing,the control ability of ML internal and external directions on the left side was significantly better than that on the right side(p<0.01),the control ability of AP forward and backward directions on the right side of forward jumping single leg jumping was better than that on the left side(p<0.05),and the difference of other indexes on both sides was not significant(p>0.05).3.By comparing the sport function test results of the young middle and long distance runners in the healthy group and the injured group,the results show that:(1)Except for the active leg lifting in the FMS test of the healthy group(p<0.05),the sport function indexes of the left and right sides of the healthy group and the injured group have no significant difference(p>0.05).(2)The total score of the overall body movement function screening FMS test injury group?14 points,the scores of active leg lifting on both sides are uneven,and there are a large number of injuries.In terms of joint function,ROM of lower limb flexibility hip extension in the injured group was significantly lower than that in the healthy group(p<0.05),and ROM of foot plantar flexion was significantly higher than that in the healthy group(p<0.05);The stability of the joints of both lower limbs in the injury group in all directions of Y-SEBT extension was lower than that in the healthy group,and the difference in the posterior and lateral directions was significant(p<0.05).There were more athletes with sports injury with a difference of more than 4cm between the two sides of the forward extension.Muscle function,muscle strength,endurance and explosive force of athletes in the injury group were weaker than those in the healthy group,and the explosive force difference was significant(p<0.05).In terms of motor function,the indexes of motor coordination and motor control in the injured group were weaker than those in the healthy group,and the difference was significant(p<0.05).For the gait of motor function,the extension angle of trunk,the eversion angle of ankle off the ground and the maximum knee adduction power of the injured group were significantly higher than those of the healthy group(p<0.05orp<0.01),while the flexion angle of trunk,the right flexion angle,the adduction angle of hip landing,the maximum adduction angle of hip,the adduction angle of ankle off the ground,the eversion angle of ankle landing,the speed of the maximum knee flexion angle,the maximum eversion torque of ankle The maximum hip extension power was significantly higher than that in the injury group(p<0.05).(3)It is worth noting that the athletes in the injury group usually show weaker bilateral functions than those in the healthy group.4.By comparing the indexes of sport function between the healthy group and the young middle and long distance runners in the lower limb injury groups,the results showed that: the joint function,the flexibility of the lower leg / ankle / foot injury group,the ROM of foot plantar flexion and foot varus were significantly higher than those in the healthy group(p<0.05),but the ROM of hip flexion was significantly lower than those in the healthy group(p<0.05);The stability of lower limb joints and the extension of Y-SEBT in all directions were significantly smaller than those in the healthy group(p<0.05);Muscle function: the muscle endurance of calf / ankle / foot injury group was significantly weaker than that of healthy group(p<0.05);In terms of motor function,the athletes in the leg / ankle / foot injury group were significantly weaker than those in the healthy group in multiple directions in terms of motor coordination and dynamic and static posture control in motion control(p<0.05).Hip / thigh / knee injury athletes showed that ROM of knee flexion was significantly lower than that of the healthy group(p<0.05),and the dynamic and static posture control ability of motor functionwas significantly lower than that of the healthy group(p<0.05).There was no significant difference in the indexes of sport function between the leg / ankle / foot injury group and the hip / thigh / knee injury athletes(p>0.05).Conclusion:1.Sport function refers to the neuromusculoskeletal and movement related functions,joint functions,muscle functions and motor functions,which are the primary indicators of sport function.The function of the joint is divided into the flexibility and stability of the joint.The function of the muscle is muscle strength and muscle endurance.The movement function can be simplified into movement control,movement coordination,agility and gait,which constitute eight secondary indicators of the sport function.These indicators and the test methods finally determined according to the characteristics of more lower limb injuries in middle and long distance running constitute 22 three-level indicators of sport function,thus forming a complete evaluation index system of sport function of young middle and long distance runners.2.Except for a few indexes,the overall development of the left and right body sport function of the young middle and long distance runners is symmetrical.3.The risk factors of sport function related to sports injury of adolescent middle and long distance runners may include: the total score of FMS test of overall functional movement screening is less than 14;Lower limb stability,explosive force,coordination and motor function ability are weak.As for gait,in the support stage of medium speed running,the trunk is tilted back,and the hip abduction and foot rotation of the support leg are large,resulting in small hip extension power and large knee abduction power,which are also risk factors of injury.4.Excessive flexibility of foot joint,poor anti fatigue ability of lower limb muscles and weak coordination and control ability of sport function may be the risk factors of leg /ankle / foot injury;The range of knee flexion is poor and the ability of motor function weak,which may be the risk factor of hip / thigh / knee injury. |
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