Quasi-Experimental Research On Interval Training Method Among High-level Athletes In Middle-and Long-Distance Running Interval Training In College

Mid-and long-distance running is referred to as middle-and long-distance running,including middle-distance and long-distance running.Generally,800-10000 meters are collectively referred to as middle-and long-distance running events.The university middle and long distance running team is not only the cradle for cultivating outstanding sports talents in China,but also a beautiful business card for the development of campus culture in colleges and universities.It is its tireless pursuit to train all-round athletes who learn well and exercise.In the new era,in order to improve the performance of middle and long distance running events in China’s colleges and universities,continuous technical and tactical innovation is required,and its internal characteristics and laws are studied in depth to make training more scientific and effective.In this study,15 middle-and long-distance runners of Beijing Sport University are taken as the research object,the literature method and the experimental method are used,the interval training method is the main method,and the five-stage training program is designed with the time of the competition as the node.Weekly training,analyze his heart rate changes during the training process,and timely detect blood lactic acid,maximum oxygen uptake and other physiological and biochemical indicators.In this process,the training plan is adjusted according to the athlete’s physical condition in a timely manner,as far as possible to control irrelevant variables,to test the effect of the load-based interval training method in the middle and long-distance running training,and to provide a reference for the theory and practice of college middle-and long-distance running training.Research indicates:（1）Long-term interval training can significantly reduce the percentage of body fat of athletes（P<0.05）.The reduction level of body fat rate is related to the exercise load.The larger the exercise load,the more the decrease.The decrease in body fat rate during the five training phases has nothing to do with gender,that is,the change in body fat rate in each training phase does not vary with gender.（2）The changes in the heart rate of middle-and long-distance runners are closely related to the exercise load,and as the interval training progresses,the heart rate decreases immediately after exercise under the same load.Among them,the quiet heart rate increased significantly after training（P<0.01）,which may be a sign of early fatigue of athletes.The immediate heart rate of each athlete is lower than the pre-training heart rate（P<0.01）.The impact of training on heart rate is related to gender,and there is a significant difference in the heart rate change of male and female athletes in the late training period（third,fourth,and fifth stages）（P<0.05）,female athletes’heart rate response to load is higher than that of male athletes,and the average heart rate immediately after exercise is also higher than that of male athletes.The heart rate in the recovery period gradually decreases with time,and it remains at 100 beats per minute after 2minutes of recovery which is still significantly higher than the quiet heart rate（P<0.01）.（3）During the training period,the blood lactic acid level of each athlete is consistent with the change in exercise load.With the progress of aerobic interval training,the concentration of blood lactic acid decreases immediately after exercise and at 4 minutes after exercise,that is,the amount of load that the athlete can bear increases with the training.Before and after training,the athletes’blood lactic acid has very significant difference（P<0.01）.It may be related to the increased anaerobic endurance of the body.After 4 minutes of exercise,blood lactate（maximum blood lactate）level did not change much in the first three training phases,increased significantly in the fourth phase（P>0.05）,and significantly decreased in the fifth phase（P<0.05）.The effect of interval training immediate blood lactate is gender-related and has significant differences in the third,fourth,and fifth stages（P<0.05）.Female athletes’blood lactate（immediate exercise and recovery period）responds to load more than male athletes,and their average blood lactate level is also higher than that of male athletes.（4）Interval training can significantly increase the athlete’s maximum oxygen uptake,that is,the aerobic endurance level can be improved through training（P<0.01）.The effect of intermittent training on the level of maximum oxygen uptake has nothing to do with gender,and the levels of maximum oxygen uptake of men and women at each training stage have increased significantly（P<0.01）.（5）It can be seen from the experiment that long-term interval training can improve athletes’specific performance.Compared with before training,the specific performance of male athletes and female athletes is significantly improved（P<0.01）.Conclusion:（1）Long-term interval training can improve the specific sports performance of middle-and long-distance athletes,improve aerobic endurance(VO_2max)and anaerobic endurance（blood lactic acid）.The body fat rate is significantly reduced,the response of the heart rate to the load is reduce.（2）The effect of intermittent exercise on body fat and VO_2maxhas nothing to do with gender,and the effect on heart rate and blood lactate level is related to gender.The greater the training intensity,the stronger the correlation.