Evidence-based Research On Principal Effectiveness Evaluation In The United States

The principal in this research refers specifically to "primary and secondary school principals".As the principal's influence on school effectiveness and student performance has been gradually confirmed and revealed by empirical studies,how to accurately estimate the principal's leadership and management effectiveness,identify effective principals and unsatisfied principals,and provide valuable feedback and evidence support for the improvement of principals' effectiveness through scientific and professional principal effectiveness evaluation,have become an important part of the education management and principal evaluation reform in the US.Evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness in the US inherits the basic idea of “finding what works” from the evidence-based education reform,establishing the principal's effectiveness evaluation on the basis of reliable evidence to more accurately evaluate the principal's effectiveness,supporting the improvement of principal effectiveness with significant and strong evidence,has promoted the scientific and professional evaluation of principals in the US.In the context of the modernization of education management and the high-quality development of education,the scientific and professional evaluation of principals is also an important goal and an important component of Chinese education evaluation reform.Studying the evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness in the US can not only promote the growth of domestic and foreign principal evaluation knowledge,add specialized theories to the field of principal evaluation,promote the professional development of principals,but also provide reference for establishing a more scientific,objective and professional principal evaluation system and educational evaluation system in China.High-performance principals have great potential in promoting the transformation of low performing schools,leading the high-quality development of schools,and improving student performance,the evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness in the US can also provide inspiration for solving the problems of “promoting the modernization of education management” and “high-quality education development”.The research on evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness in the United States comprehensively uses four research methods: "literature research method","comparative research method","case research method" and "policy analysis method".First of all,through the literature research method,the United States Department of Education,the State Department of Education,the National Association of Secondary School Principals,the State Education Commission,the Wallace Foundation,the Center on Great Teachers and Leaders of the American Research Institute,and the American Institute of Educational Science as well as official websites of other relevant organizations were searched,the first-hand literature on "evidence-based education reform" and the first-hand literature on "principal effectiveness evaluation" have been collected,systematically analyzed and sorted these literature,the "evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness " research data database finally be formed.Secondly,through comparative research method,case study method and policy analysis method,the obtained "evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness " relevant materials are concretely researched to form a research analysis framework and specific research content of each part.Among them,the "comparative research method" is a consistent research method.The research on evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness in the United States adheres to the comparative education research logic of "view the world based on Chinese background",in the process of researching the evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness policies and practices in the US,we always compare them with Chinese problems,Chinese policies,and Chinese reality,and use the critical vision and factor analysis methods of comparative education management to explore the reference value of evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness in the United States to the scientific evaluation of principals,the modernization of education management and high-quality development of education in China.Research on evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness in the United States aims to explore ways in which it achieved scientific and professional principal evaluation.Four dimensions were selected as research framework: "principal effectiveness","evidence-based","professional organization" and "evaluation implementation".Among them,the dimensions of "principal effectiveness" and "evidence-based" mainly solve the problem of how to achieve the "scientific" evaluation of principals in the United States' evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness,which mainly includes three parts,namely,the principal evaluation "effectiveness turning","the motivational background of evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness ",and "Evidence-based research and theoretical models for the effectiveness evaluation of principals in the United States";the dimension of "professional organization" mainly addresses how evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness in the US achieved "specialization" in the evaluation of principals,which mainly includes the contribution and influence of professional organizations such as professional associations,specialized research centers,and social organizations on evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness;The“implementation” dimension analyzes the value orientation,implementation effect and controversy of the evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness in the US.Its purpose is to form an overall understanding of principal effectiveness evaluation in the US.On the basis of this,it provides us with experience that can be used for reference for the reform of principal evaluation and education evaluation in China.The study found that the evidence-based evaluation of principal effectiveness in the US is an evidence-based education reform practice under the influence of "scientism" and "pragmatism" in educational management,and is a new development and trend in the scientific and professional evaluation of principals in the United States."Governmental organizations" such as district and state governments,and non-governmental "professional organizations",have all played an important role in it.In improving the scientific evaluation of principals,the US federal government has played a "leading" role,while state governments and school district governments have played an "executing" role.The US federal government links education investment with effective education projects by formulating policies and allocating funding,set the education reforms tone of eliminating ineffective education projects,and through the management methods of "accountability" and "empowerment",states and school districts follow federal policy requirements to implement principal evaluation reforms,so as to base the effectiveness evaluation of principals in various states and regions in the US on the basis of reliable evidence.In improving the professionalism of principal evaluation,professional organizations such as the National Association of Secondary School Principals,have developed and designed multiple evidence-based principal effectiveness evaluation frameworks and programs for the US states and districts to choose through their professional strength and academic organization platforms,which makes it possible from the perspective of knowledge production to evaluate US principals with evidence-based principal effectiveness evaluation,and also promotes the professionalization and specialization of principal evaluation in the US.