| The Third Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee put forward the strategy of "promoting the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity",and the report of the 19 th CPC National Congress also put forward the policy objectives of grass-roots social governance: "continuously promoting the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity" and "strengthening the construction of community governance system,pushing the focus of social governance down to the grass-roots level,giving full play to the role of social organizations,and realizing the benign interaction between government governance,social regulation and residents' autonomy".The change of national governance concept will inevitably promote the change of management concept and innovation of management practice in all aspects of our society.As an important part of the national life,the governance mode of sports will inevitably undergo profound changes under the guidance of this concept.In the new historical period,the reform and innovation of sports governance will further promote the development of China's sports undertakings.As the main force of national fitness in China,the innovation of sports governance will also promote the development of sports participation and sports services for the elderly in China.In this paper,taking the governance innovation of sports service for the elderly in urban communities in China as the research object,using the methods of literature review,case analysis,interview,questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics,the development status and main problems of sports service for the elderly in urban communities were analyzed,and the practical experience of sports service governance for the elderly at home and abroad was thoroughly investigated and used for reference,so as to explore the promotion path of sports service governance innovation for the elderly in urban communities.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)"social innovation" in Chinese context is the product of the practice and development of "social innovation" theory in China.The innovation of social governance in Chinese context includes not only the innovation of social management system and governance mode by the government with the government as the main body of innovation,but also the social innovation at the social level with social organizations as the main body in Western context,that is,"social governance innovation" includes "social innovation" at both government and society levels.The development of China's social innovation concept has experienced the development from "social management innovation" to "social governance innovation".The basic connotation of China's social governance innovation mainly includes the diversification of governance subjects,the diversification of governance methods and the synergy of governance mechanisms,among which the social synergy mechanism is mainly manifested in three aspects: the cultivation of social organizations,the synergy of autonomous organizations and the participation of citizens.(2)The governance of sports services for the elderly in China is divided into the following four stages: the initial stage(1983-1994),the following stage(1995-2008),the transition stage(2009-2014)and the rapid development stage(2015-).The four stages of sports service governance model for the elderly are characterized by "government-led and administrative departments complement each other","government-led,market and social organizations initially intervene","government-led,diversified participation" and "government-led,diversified cooperation".The evolution characteristics of sports service for the elderly are as follows: the governing body cooperates from single to multiple;The content of governance has changed from weak to rich,the mode of governance has changed from administrative governance to pluralistic governance,and the path of governance has evolved from exogenous governance to endogenous governance.(3)The investigation and Chi-square test on the sports activities,sports demand and community sports service supply of the elderly in Changsha show that the elderly with different demographic characteristics have different needs for sports service,and factors such as economic income,education level and professional background will all affect the sports service demand of the elderly in urban communities.The analysis of the structural model shows that the overall satisfaction of the elderly sports service in Changsha city community is not high,and the order of satisfaction is sports guidance,sports venues,sports activities,sports organizations,sports information and sports monitoring.The management of sports service for the elderly in Changsha urban community is mainly composed of the tripartite forces of government,society and community.Based on the results of questionnaire survey and field investigation in Changsha,the main problems in the governance of sports services for the elderly in urban communities are: multi-party management,and the governance effect is not ideal;Multi-subject collaborative power is insufficient,and collaborative governance has not yet been formed;Insufficient investment,lack of facilities and sports activities suitable for the elderly;Administrative governance is the main way,while other governance methods are not used enough.(4)The practice of governance innovation in Shanghai,Beijing,Nanjing,Changsha and other cities in China provides the following reference and enlightenment for the governance innovation of sports services for the elderly in China: hub organizations have become an important bridge and link between the government and grassroots social organizations;The coordinated participation of multiple subjects promotes the innovation of governance system and mechanism.Social forces have become an important subject in the innovation of community sports service for the elderly.Serving the sinking community of sports is the basic way to innovate the management of sports service for the elderly.Wisdom has become an important means of innovation in sports service for the elderly.(5)The United States,Japan and Germany have accumulated rich experience in the management of sports services for the elderly in urban communities,showing some common features,such as attaching importance to policies and regulations and social forces' participation in services.At the same time,due to the differences of sports management system,economic development level,cultural tradition,aging degree and governance concept in different countries,different countries also show some different characteristics.In the governance mode,the United States is a typical "community autonomy" mode,Japan adopts a "government-led+club governance mode",and Germany is a typical "club governance mode".There are also some differences between countries in the content and mode of governance.(6)Based on the relationship between internal and external factors of materialist dialectics,pivotal organization,embedded and symbiotic theory,the "endogenous" multi-participation governance model of sports service for the elderly in urban communities was constructed.The historical basis of this governance model comes from the development and change of the supply of sports services for the elderly in China from highly relying on the government as an "exogenous" subject to relying on "endogenous" subjects such as sports organizations for the elderly.The practical basis is mainly the development of hub organizations in China,the system of grassroots community health clubs in Shanghai and the governance practices of grassroots community health clubs for the elderly in Germany and Japan.The main feature of this governance model lies in relying on "sports association for the elderly" + "sports club for the elderly in grass-roots community",which are the endogenous subjects of sports development for the elderly in China,to provide community sports services for the elderly.(7)Based on the innovative practice of sports service for the elderly in urban communities at home and abroad,this paper puts forward the innovative path of sports service governance for the elderly in urban communities.Governance innovation:improve the autonomy system and enhance the ability of grass-roots sports organizations to provide services independently;Strengthen legal protection and provide legal guarantee for sports associations of the elderly;Establish morality and create an atmosphere of sports service that respects and loves the elderly.Governance mechanism innovation: innovate administrative governance mechanism and encourage social forces to participate in sports services for the elderly;Stimulate the market governance mechanism and explore the "sports+" consumption potential of the elderly;Improve community governance mechanism and enhance community residents' participation in sports services for the elderly;Advocating voluntary service mechanism,cultivating modern citizens' awareness of public service.Content innovation: planning community sports space reasonably and increasing the number of venues and facilities for the elderly;Building a sports leisure and entertainment complex to provide diversified services for the elderly;Create a brand of community sports activities to enrich the leisure and entertainment life of the elderly;Promote sports activities to sink the community and benefit the elderly in the community in an all-round way.Technological innovation: updating the concept of governance and enhancing the awareness of intelligent sports technology governance;Bridging the "digital divide" of the elderly and helping them integrate into the digital age;Build a community intelligent sports platform and improve the sports governance of the elderly in the community;Establish a community medical service platform to ensure the scientific fitness of the elderly in the community;Strengthen the intelligent management of community sports venues and enhance the intelligent fitness experience of the elderly. |
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