Study On Rural Labor Outflow And Food Security

The institutional change of Chinese labor mobility and the evolution of food market constitute the external factors of millions of rural forces outflow occur in China. Under the stimulus of these institutional changes, the rural labor force in China began large-scale population movements. Farmers have a new job after the transfer from the traditional food farming to non-agricultural sectors of the urban (rural).The transfer is a new reconfiguration of their own labor resources in time and space, based on their resource endowments. In addition, this transfer is a rational choice under the market constrains. The contradiction of "more people and fewer lands" On the one hand, Labor transfer will alleviate the "involution" tendency in China's grain planting and ease the contradiction of "more people and fewer lands". On the other hand, this transfer is a selectively transfer, is essentially a rural resources extraction. The structure of the rural labor force becomes aging and poor quality. This imbalance in the structure of rural labor force has formed a potential treat to national food security in the future. Rural labor mobility is consistent with national food security in the end or conflict. How to design a system to achieve the organic unity of the labor transfer and national food security? This is the fundamental purpose of this study.Labor transfer is essentially a kind of agricultural production resources extraction. If no other agricultural factors substituted the labor, the food production will be decline and the national food security will be worse. But too much labor crowded on limited land, can not increase agricultural productivity, is also not conducive to the increase of farmers' income, of course, can not ensure national food security. Only through urbanization, will be excessive agricultural population reduced. Only through urbanization, will be modern agriculture developed. Transfer of rural labor is a Fundamental way to achieve national food security. The contradiction between Transfer of agricultural labor and national food security is also through the factor substitution to solve. For different regions, the differences of endowments should be considered. Under the premise of national overall food supply and demand balance, every region should give full play to their comparative advantages, from the production and trade to maintaining regional food security. Of course, for any region, the higher the rate of food self-sufficiency, the higher the level of food security in the region?However, different regions have different endowment. If solely emphasizing each region to achieve food self-sufficiency, will result in efficient loss and waste of resources. At the micro level, food security focuses on the consumer's ability to obtain. At the macro level, food security emphasis that enough food can be purchased on the market. This article is from these two aspects of food security to study the Consistency and conflict about rural force transfer and national food security, to find a path from conflict to consistence and the corresponding institutional arrangements.The initial economic reform in rural areas liberated rural productivity. It mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers and solved the problem of insufficient long-term food supply in China. In the1990s, China had grain harvests year after year. There were "Mai Liangnan" problem. In the same time, as other industries developed rapidly, urban-rural income gap was widening. These phenomena indicate that China has entered a stage of agricultural development adjustment. This stage the core issue has shifted from food production to increase farmers' income. However, for China, the foundation of agriculture is still fragile, and food security string cannot relax. Therefore, Chinese agricultural development has entered a new stage that food production is as important as farmers'income. At this stage, labor transfer and food security have internal consistency. On the one hand, the transfer of labor is creating the conditions to carry out agricultural moderate scale operation. On the other hand, farmers have entered other industries to employ and improve their income level of farmers. Wage income becomes the main channel for peasants to increase income.Since the transfer of rural labor in China is a one-way "selective" transfer, this transfer had a significant impact on structure of the labor force in rural areas. Currently, there are more than60%of the young labor force in rural areas has been transferred. Generally, the age of labor force engaged in agricultural production has over50, forming an embarrassing situation that "Five Ghosts" engaged in agricultural production. How to change this situation that the unidirectional extraction from agricultural production resources. The one way is improving the Growing grain income of famer. However, by increasing food prices, the Government is in a dilemma. Another way is by increasing the grain subsidy to improve the income of farmers. However, Subsidy depends on the support of the central government and local government revenue situation, In the current case, the major grain-producing province is generally poor province. Major grain-producing counties'finance is "eat finance". Local governments cannot provide more financial subsidies to food production. The article has an empirical analysis to China's grain productivity using DEA method. The results show that the total factor productivity of China's grain production did not increase.Consistency and conflict between Transfer of rural labor and food security are co-existing. How to make these two aspects from conflict to consistency? The fundamental point is "elements convection" and inter-regional trade cooperation. This article analyzes the different target orientations of the two regions on the food security, based on differences in factor endowments in main food area and main food sales area. Moreover, in the article, the food production comparative advantages of various areas of China have been analyzed. The empirical analysis shows that China's grain production has become increasingly evident specialization trend. The comprehensive production capacity of major grain producing areas is growing, and comparative advantage in agricultural production is more and more obvious.Adjustment of agricultural structure and continuous optimization of the layout of food production space make the major grain-producing areas in the national food security are becoming more and more important. In order to make the main producing areas to take on the important task of safeguarding national food security, it is essential that the government improve the comparative income of grain farmers. At least, the grain income is not less than the average income level in other industries. For the main producing areas, this requires speeding up the transfer of labor, reducing the number of employees of the grain-growing industry. For sales areas, according to their comparative advantages, it requires vigorously developing non-agricultural industries. The sales areas achieve their own food security by inter-regional trade in food. To achieve the consistence between rural labor migration and food security, certain institutional arrangements are required. From the point of the elements of convection, this article presents recommendations from the transfer of rural labor policy adjustments, interest coordination of food production and marketing areas, the central the food policy support and land transfer.