| As everyone knows, the long time development strategy of rural-urban segmentation (RUS), which tilts to one side toward city, leads to a wider difference of economic and social development between rural and urban area. A report published by the National Bureau of Statistic shows that, the income gap between urban and rural residents was only210RMB in1978, which expanded to16648RMB in2012. For urban-rural income ratio, it's only2.57:1in1978. In2009, it reached a peak of3.33:1and fell back to3.1:1in2012. However, the gap is still obvious. The widening rural-urban divide, seriously restricts the sustainable, rapid and healthy development of the national economy. At the same time, this gap affects achieving the goal of building a well-off society and influences the stability of rural society. Hence, eliminating the dual structure of urban and rural areas and gradually narrowing the urban-rural gap, become the fundamental policy of promoting the balanced social and economic development of our country and building a harmonious society. The16th CPC National Congress report firstly pointed out planning urban-rural economic and social development as a whole. After the improvement and enrichment in Third and Forth Plenary Sessions of Sixteenth Central Committee of the party, overall planning for urban and rural development becomes the primary strategy for building a harmonious society and tackling the problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers. In2012,18th CPC National Congress made a clear statement to accelerate improvements of the system and mechanism for the integration of urban and rural development, focusing on urban and rural planning, infrastructure construction, public services and promoting well-balanced allocation of rural-urban public services resources. Then a fresh industry-agriculture and rural-urban relationship of "industry promotes agriculture, city leads countryside" with reciprocity and integration could form. One important thing for balancing urban and rural development is to narrow the gap between public goods supply of urban and rural areas and integrate overall supply of urban-rural public goods. The low level supply of rural public goods seriously affects the development of our agriculture, the improvement of farmers'income, building a well-off society, the construction of a new socialist countryside and the realization of agricultural modernization. Supply of public goods in rural areas is of great importance in "three agricultural" problems. To provide basic and secure public goods for farmers is the requirement for the development of agriculture and the whole national economy. As the Government is transferring from "give priority to urban development" to "balance the development of rural-urban areas", there is a good system assurance of the effective supply of public goods in rural areas. Therefore, after seriously summing up the experience and lessons in the supply of rural public goods in China, study on the mechanism of rural public goods supply system both in theory and policy is undoubtedly of important theoretical and practical significance.This thesis is divided into eight parts to study the effective mechanism of rural public goods supply:Chapter1Introduction. Firstly this thesis will introduce the background of the research as well as its significance. Secondly it will illustrate its literature review from documents at home and abroad on which a brief review will be given. Thirdly it will introduce the research method, technical route and data sources of this article. Finally some innovation and deficiency will be given.Chapter2Theoretical Basis. List all research theories needed in this thesis as follows. It defines the concept of rural public goods and the concept of mechanism of rural public goods supply using classical public goods theory; Study the theory of Rural-Urbun Coordinating development that is closely related to what this paper concerns; Introduce synergetics and public governance theory and explain their effects; Finally, based on the reference on the predecessors' study, it puts forward a theoretical model of coordinnating the urban and rural public goods supply.Chapter3The Current Situation, Problems and Causes of Rural Public Goods Supply in China. Based on the materials in the past, this chapter reviews the history of the mechanism of rural public goods supply, introduces the overall situation in China, and analyzes its current problems and causes.Chapter4Factor Analysis on the Choices of Mechanism of Public Goods Supply in Rural Areas. Using the public goods theory, the public governance theory, the institutional change theory and the mechanism design theory, this chapter analyzes the influential factors of the mechanism of rural public goods supply. The nature of public goods, the function of government, level of technical development, balance between fairness and efficiency, tendency of government policy, scale of demand and diversity of preference, and method dependency of institutional change are all considered possible factors to influence the choice in mechanism of rural public goods supply.Chapter5Analysis on The Effective Supply of Rural Public Goods from the Perspective of Coordinating Urban and Rural Areas. Taking into account the characters of rural public goods and characters of rural public goods supply, and based on the theory of coordinating rural and urban public goods supply, this chapter manages to construct an effective supply mechanism based on the possible factors that influence the choice in mechanism of rural public goods supply. Besides, from the perspective of public governance, it analyzes the requirements expression mechanism, decision-making mechanism, funding mechanism, management and supervision mechanism.Chapter6Case Study of The Pilot areas in Chengdu on Mechanism of Rural Public Goods Supply. This part reviews the changes of the mechanism of rural public goods supply during the process of urban and rural reform, and analyses the contents and characteristics of public goods supply in urban and rural areas in the comprehensive reform pilot scheme of urban and rural Coordinating development in Chengdu CityChapter7Empirical Analysis of the Mechanism of Effective Supply of Rural Public Goods in Chengdu Province. Firstly, this chapter qualitatively evaluates the achievement in the reform of coordinating rural and public goods supply, and then it quantitatively assesses the level of satisfaction of farmers by using factor analysis. The empirical analysis shows that the current overall level of rural public goods supply in Chengdu is higher than the level before the Rural-Urban reform, and that the urban-rural gap is bridged. The communication between the villagers and village organizations is enhanced nowadays, which provides basis and motivation for villagers to directly participate in the decision-making and supervision about rural public goods. A method for Grassroots governance named "dual-committee"(Village Party Organization and Village Committee)and"one meeting"(the concil) is created by Chengdu government in the practice of Rural-Urban development. Such method enables the farmers to express freely about their public demand and consumption preference, successfully enhances the level of satisfaction among the public, improves the masses relations and consolidates the the regime base. However, there are still several problems in practice.Among six kinds of rural public goods surveyed, education investment gets the lowest points, which indicates that insufficiency in education investment becomes the main factor to restrain level of satisfaction among farmers. The level of satisfaction on rural public goods supply is generally low, with comparatively high level of satisfaction about spiritual public goods supply and low level of satisfaction about the material public goods supply.This phenomenon is due to the problems in the actual implementation of mechanism of rural public goods.These problems are as follows:Firstly, the problem of the upward system convergence makes it difficult to deal with the demand and supply of public goods that are beyond the scope of Chengdu; Secondly, the multi-level public demand of villagers is hard to get fully satisfied; Thirdly, in the diverse supply mechanism, market and social forces are not effectively made use of; Fourth, there is still much to do to fully respect the actual will of famers, and to protect their interests,etc.Chapter8Conclusion and Policy Suggestion. With an overview of studies on rural public goods supply in China, this thesis clearly points out that there are still many problems in this sector, such as inadequate total supply, irrational supply structure, low supply efficiency, imbalanced regional supply, misplaced supply order, etc. The reason behind is the long-term Urban-Rural division and the Urban-biased dual-supply system rooted in China. Thus, the fundamental path to resolve the problems of rural public goods supply in China is to coordinate Rural-Urban public goods(public service) supply in accordance with the concept of Urban-Rural development. The first step is to realize the equalization of basic public services, and finally reach the goal of the integration of Urban-Rural public service. Faced with the multi-level public demand of the villagers, the realistic approach to resolve the problems of rural public goods supply in China is as follows:Establish a diverse supply system, in which the government acts as the main supply body, integrated with market and social supply. In accordance with modern concept of governance, it is recommended to respect villagers'democratic rights of participation, respond promptly to the survey on level of satisfaction, and build an effective mechanism of rural public goods supply. Specific measures include:Intensify top-level design to create the conditions for coordinating rural and urban public supply; integrate the constructing power in both areas of new village and new urbanization, and coordinate rural and urban public goods supply; respect the farmers'will so as to establish a public goods supply model that is highly demand-oriented; deepen the reform of land property rights system and the reform of rural household registration system in order to provide the conditions for equalization of basic public service in rural and urban areas; make full use of the social mechanism and market mechanism to meet the diverse demands of trural residents; establish a maintenance mechanism to guarantee the operation of rural public service, etc.Through careful study, this thesis provides some new perspectives and proof to the overall study on rural public goods supply in China.(1)This thesis studies the mechanism of rural public goods supply from a new perspective that embodies the coordination of rural and urban areas;(2)it summarizes the related reform in Chengdu pilot areas, and refines its basic model and lessons learned,which provides reference for other regions in China that are working on the same issue;(3) it reconstructs the mechanism of rural public goods supply from the aspects of demand-expressing, supply decision-making, fund-raising, performance-evaluating, management and supervision based on concept of synergetics;(4)it consults the theory of public governance as well as the idea of cooperation to consider the issue on rural public goods supply, and reconstructs the mechanism of rural public goods supply in China on the foundation of effectiveness.Constraint to the author's Knowledge, this thesis mainly has the following shortcomings or problems which needs further study.(1) the lack of new definition on the concept of public goods.(2) the lack of specific design for different categories of mechanism of rural public goods supply.(3)The theoretical basis on the reconstruction mechanism of rural public goods supply is weak.(4) the empirical analysis lacks integrity. |
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