The Influence Of Agricultural Technology Progress On The Educational Structure Of Agricultural Labor

Although China is a big agricultural country,but it is not a powerful agricultural country,the planting pattern,the degree of mechanization and the modernization of processing and sales are all different from those of the developed countries.In order to increase the development of modern agriculture,China needs to improve the level of agricultural technology and human capital at the same time,and the key is to improve the level of human capital,especially to improve the proportion of highly educated farmer.In the past 20 years,the education composition of agricultural labor in China has been gradually optimized,but the mode of optimization is different from industry,which mainly through the decline the low education labor proportion.In this process,how does agricultural technological progress have an effect on the agricultural labor force,and then on the education composition of the agricultural labor force.Whether or not agricultural technology that just like industrial technology that has a technical bias to the workforce or has substitution effects on workforce?In addition,three kinds of agricultural technology progress,biological technology,mechanical technology and planting technology are different in the way of agricultural production,if they have different effects on farmer and education composition?This paper tries to answer these questions by combining theory with practice.In order to clarify the influence of agricultural technological progress on the education composition of agricultural labor,this paper first analyzes the general rule of the changes in the education composition of agricultural labor,and after eliminating the possible factors like obligation education and the relative change of income,the macro problems of the education composition are transformed into the issue of the farming time of farmers with different educational background.Discuss the general rule of time allocation of farmers combining the theory of labor migration.Secondly,the agricultural technology progress is brought into the time decision model of farmers,and the ways and directions of the influence of biological technology,mechanical technology and planting technology on the farming time of farmers with different educational backgrounds are analyzed in turn.Then,based on the macro data of crop production cost and income,and the microscopic data based on Farmers'farming time and the input of real technology,to prove the influence channel and degree of technological progress on the farming time of farmers.This article includes seven chapters,of which the third chapter to the sixth chapter are the core chapters.The third chapter presents the changes in the education composition of agricultural labor and the status of agricultural technological progress from the data point of view.The fourth chapter analyzes the possible reasons for the influence of the education composition of agricultural labor,and after excluding the impossible reasons,the emphasis of the analysis is determined on the peasant's time of farming;the fifth chapter theoretical analyses the different farming time of famers with different educational backgrounds.And on this basis,the factors of agricultural technology progress are added to analyze the heterogeneity effects of the biological technology,mechanical technology and planting technology on the farming time of farmers with different educational backgrounds,and the results of the total amount are deduced.The sixth chapter uses the macro and micro data to make an empirical analysis.The influence of agricultural technological progress on farmers' farming time of farmers with different educational backgrounds,thus supporting the correctness of theoretical analysis and giving necessary supplementation.Farmers in our country are mainly employed by themselves,and farmers are both employers and hired workers.The change of the total number of a certain type of labor force and the time for each of them has the same trend of change,so the change of the total number of people can be transformed into the change of the working time of the farmers.The influence mechanism and effects degree of agricultural technological progress on the total number of farmers with various educational backgrounds can be demonstrated if the influences of the agricultural technology progress on changes in working hours of various educated farmers have been demonstrated.Three kinds of technological progress,such as the progress of agricultural biotechnology,the progress of mechanical technology and the progress of planting technology,all have an impact on the farmers' income of farming,which will affect the time allocation of farmers.Agricultural biotechnology can directly affect the output of farmers,thereby changing the income of farmers.It will also affect farmers'income through output and price.The application of agricultural biotechnology tends to increase production and increase the volatility of prices,that is,biotechnology improves the risk of farming.The influence of different educated farmers is different.Relatively speaking,with the increase of risk,high educated farmers tend to get higher income in this process.The income of low educated farmers may deteriorate.The income gap between the two types of farmers becomes larger with the application of agricultural biotechnology.Highly educated farmers tend to spend more time on farming.Low educated farmers,especially those of the weakest,tend to spend less time on farming.From the macro data,the low educated farmers take the lead in disengagement from the agricultural production,showing a decline in the number of low educated farmers,and the trend of the increase in the number of highly educated farmers.Agricultural machinery technology is different from agricultural biotechnology,and it does not directly affect the output of crops,but it has an impact on farmers'income by saving farmers' time for farming.If the farmers' planting size is established and more land cannot be obtained by leasing and other ways,the time saved can only be used for other work.At this time,the popularization of agricultural machinery tends to reduce the farmers' time for farming.Considering the heterogeneity of farmers' educational background,the farming time that the machinery can replace is not different from the degree of labor education,so the influence of mechanization on the increase of farmers' time is the same.If farmers can change the scale of production through a certain way,especially after the system of land transfer is determined and gradually popularized,the mechanization will affect the farmers'income by promoting the scale production of farmers.The expansion of planting scale will increase production and increase production,which will also affect prices and affect agricultural incomes.Although there is no educational difference between mechanization and agricultural time saving through the substitution effect,the growing income of the newly added land is influenced by the "configuration effect"and "prediction effect",so the highly educated farmers tend to get higher income,that is,mechanization helps to raise the farming time of the high educated farmers and reduce the farming time of the low educated farmers.Agricultural planting technology is different from agricultural biotechnology and mechanical technology.The improvement of planting technology makes agricultural production get rid of the limit of soil and external natural conditions,and break the growth cycle and growth time of crops,and the production is becoming more and more specialized and scale.For family based farmers,the application of agricultural technology,like biotechnology,affects income by influencing production and price,and changes the time of farming,but the impact of planting technology is greater than that of biotechnology,because output can be many times more than the traditional method.Although less educated farmers earn less than high educated farmers,their incomes are higher than those of traditional production.Therefore,agricultural planting technology tends to extend the farming time of farmers with high and low educational background and at the same time.For the agricultural enterprises with the characteristics of factory production,the ordinary farmers can choose to enter the agricultural enterprises or work in the industry and commerce.At this time,the farmers can determine the time for farming by comparing the income of the family farming,the income of the agricultural enterprises and the income of industrial and commercial.The emergence of agricultural enterprises provides second kinds of farming choices for farmers,which tends to increase the total fanning time of farmers,and to the labor force of different technical levels.When the three kinds of technological progress overlaps,agricultural planting technology helps to alleviate the tension in the increase of land demand by mechanization.With the government's call for reducing the application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide and people's increasing attention to the safety of agricultural products,the impact of mechanization and planting technology on the farming time of farmers will be gradually greater than that of biotechnology.Macro view,biotechnology and mechanical technology accelerate the decline of the number of low educated farmers,planting technology tends to slow down the decline of low educated farmers.The three types of technology tend to increase the rate of rise of higher educational farmers or slow down their decline.The three kinds of technology have the effect of optimizing the educational background of agricultural labor force,and accelerate the optimization process.