| In recent years,with the rapid development of China's economy and the continuous advancement of urbanization,the urban population of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,especially Beijing,has expanded rapidly on a large scale.The continuous accumulation of industry and population has greatly promoted the economic development of the BeijingTianjin-Hebei region in the 40 years since China's reform and opening.However,the extensive expansion of traditional industries and the excessive concentration of population have put increasing pressure on environmental resources and lead to various prominent issues caused by them.The city's ecological environment is not only an important issue related to the new urbanization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,but also a common problem of economic transformation and upgrading between urban and rural areas in China.The process of the expansion of the population and economy of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city has an effect on spatial agglomeration consisted of all industries,populations,and various resources in the entire region.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the inherent laws between urban ecological efficiency and the concentration of resources such as industry and population,for the coordination of urban agglomeration economic growth and environmental resource protection,and to drive regional strategic development.The main research object of the existing regional agglomeration economics is the economic indicators of provincial cities apart from the small and medium-size cities.At the same time,the urban agglomerations in the region with the same geographical and human environment are more spatially and economically connected than the provincial capital agglomerations.In this case,the impact can be filtered on the analysis of the ecological efficiency.Therefore,the main goal of this article is to study the influence mechanism on the industrial agglomeration and population agglomeration of cities of different sizes in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to ecological efficiency.For this purpose,this paper applies the method of the improved three-stage DEA super-efficiency model to estimate the ecological efficiency of cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from the perspective of regional economics,and on the basis of offering the definition of Urban Ecological efficiency,and understands the relationship between ecological efficiency,urban industrial agglomeration and population agglomeration with Bayesian method,as well as analyzes the influencing factors and mechanisms of urban Eco-efficiency in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area to put forward feasible suggestions.The details are as follows:Part ?: Related theoretical analysis,including introduction and theoretical basis.The introduction illustrates the research background and significance,literature review,research content and methods,and sheds an light to the innovations of the research.Theoretical basis chapter clarifies the related theories of ecological efficiency and urban economic theory and mates a definition of ecological efficiency,industrial agglomeration and population agglomeration,then,introducing the regression model and related theories required.Part ?: The analysis of the ecological efficiency of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration is discussed in Chapter three.Selecting statistical data of public services such as economic development,urban environment,urban construction and scale,energy consumption,urban water supply,and medical and health services provided by 35 cities in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei,from the two dimensions of urban economic development and environmental conditions,taking factors into account such as the city 's own development scale and policies,opportunities,and the efficiency and randomness of managers,by improving the three-stage DEA super-efficiency model,it can more accurately and objectively reflect and evaluate the level of ecological efficiency of the system of “inputoutput” of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration.Part ?: It focuses on Bayesian analysis of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei industry,population agglomeration and ecological efficiency in the chapter 4 and 5 including the eco-efficiency from 35 regions and above-level cities with a certain scale and signification in BeijingTianjin-Hebei area.It explores the statistical relationship between the ecological efficiency of urban individuals and urban agglomerations as a whole,urban industrial agglomeration,population agglomeration,and ecological governance and fiscal investment with other neighboring cities by the use of the Bayesian spatial panel quantile regression model.It focuses on the in-depth analysis of the impact on the overall ecological governance efficiency from urban industrial agglomeration and population agglomeration.Part ?: Conclusions and Prospects,it summarizes and put forward conclusions,and suggestions to improve regional and urban ecological efficiency,and further research prospects are also considered.The research draws the following conclusions:First,it's clear that the weak agglomeration function of small and medium-sized cities.There is a downward trend in terms of labor force,especially the agglomeration capacity of skilled workers and industrial agglomeration capacity in all walks of life,as well as the ability to absorb employment.In terms of public service functions,it's a common phenomenon of poor medical service and education resources shortage.For small and medium-sized cities,the impact of urban scale on ecological efficiency is positive.Increasing the size and agglomeration energy of small and medium-sized cities can help improve regional ecological efficiency.Second,the ecological efficiency of small and medium-sized cities is higher than the others.By improving the three-stage DEA "input-output" super-efficiency model,it is concluded that the small and medial-sized cities consist of all the top ten ecological efficiency rankings,to be specific: Nangong,Tianjin,Anguo,Huanghua,Tangshan,Gaobeidian,Renqiu,Cangzhou,Bazhou and Shijiazhuang.Third,the degree and type of industrial agglomeration have a greater impact on ecological efficiency.Generally speaking,the agglomeration of primary and tertiary industries in cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region can effectively improve the ecological efficiency of cities,while excessive agglomeration of secondary industries will lead to a decline in ecological efficiency.Fourth,population agglomeration has a significant negative effect on the city 's ecological efficiency,in other words,the higher degree of urban agglomeration,the lower city's ecological efficiency.Which is contrary to the conclusions of some previous scholars.In addition,the factor of "number of ordinary primary schools","urban economic development scale","real estate development investment" have a significant negative effect on the city's "ecological efficiency",where as the factor of "number of urban ordinary secondary schools" and "number of beds of medical and health institutions" has a significant positive effect on the city's ecological efficiency.In particular,the factor of "number of beds in medical and health institutions",fully exert the huge impact on the city's environmental and ecological efficiency according to the new coronavirus status.Fifth,the role of radiation in large cities is limited.This study found that the industries and population in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are excessively concentrated in the two cities of Beijing and Tianjin,which caused to decline the ecological efficiency.Unlike the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta,the two mega-cities in the Beijing-TianjinHebei urban agglomeration have a siphon effect to the surrounding industries and population rather than a activating and driving the development of the surrounding areas as described in the "center-periphery" model theory.Sixth,there is a difference between the quantile regression results.In this paper,according to Bayesian spatial quantile model,it is concluded that there is discrepancy between estimation results under different parameter.When exploring the impact of population agglomeration on urban ecological efficiency,the parameter estimates appear to have positive values in the 0.50 quantile,which may indicate that the effect of population agglomeration on the ecological efficiency of cities and urban agglomerations also conforms to the "inverted U-curve" theory.From the sign and significance of the parameters of the Bayesian spatial quantile model,there is a significant spatial positive correlation within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration.Therefore,it leads to the bias estimated results ignoring the mutual influence of region space.It is very necessary to consider the spatial dependence between regions when exploring the differences in ecological efficiency between regions.The innovations of this article mainly include as follow:1.The paper has integrated regional economics,agglomeration economics,and ecological efficiency,through the quantitative analysis of prefecture-level cities to study the scale of agglomeration under the constraints of ecological efficiency and urban agglomerations.2.Using the more advanced Bayesian spatial quantile method to study the impact of agglomeration on the ecological efficiency of urban agglomerations.This method can solve the problems that the inadequate number of cities in the study of urban agglomerations,high degree of association related to spatial and economic between cities,and the dependence required by the classical regression method.3.Using the improved super-efficiency three-stage DEA to measure the ecological efficiency of urban agglomerations,the expected and undesired outputs of the urban agglomeration can be included in the calculation of the overall ecological efficiency.4.The gravity formula is used to improve the calculation formula of location entropy,making it more suitable for calculating the size of the mutual influence between cities,and improving the calculation accuracy. |
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