| Emphasizing agriculture and consolidating the foundation are the outline of the country.The issue of agriculture,rural and farmers has been attached great importance by all generations of Chinese Communists.The strategy of "rural revitalization" is a major strategy proposed by the CPC Central Committee in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics to solve the problems of "agriculture,rural and farmers" in China.Since the reform and opening up,China's rural development has made remarkable achievements.Agricultural productivity and farmers' living standards have been significantly improved.However,at the same time,we should also realize that the current rural development is still lagging behind.While the city is prospering and developing,the rural even appears the trend of decline and decay.In recent years,rural labor force has been lost in large quantities,and the internal development motivation is obviously insufficient.In 2016,the number of migrant workers rose to 281.71 million,accounting for 47.8% of the total rural population.They are mainly young and middleaged,with an average age of 39.The massive loss of rural young and middle-aged labor has had a serious impact on rural development.On the one hand,it has caused the aging,marginalization,and land abandonment of agricultural production.On the other hand,it has led to the decline of rural industries and the hollowing of infrastructure and public services,making the countryside a "hollow village".At present,the phenomenon of agriculture for the elderly,no successors in agricultural production,and the disappearance of village are constantly reported and described by media and scholars.From the perspective of world development experience,whether the problem of rural recession can be solved well is related to whether the country can smoothly realize the modernization transformation and enter the next stage of growth.In the process of modernization,many countries in the world have experienced problems such as lagging agricultural development,the accumulation of rural resources in cities,and the declining rural areas.Countries such as Europe,the United States,Japan and Korea actively took measures to promote rural construction when their rural recession occurred,successfully stimulating rural vitality and realizing further national development.However,Latin America has not dealt with the problem of rural development properly,which has caused the entire country to fall into development difficulties.It can be seen that rural decline is not only related to the development of the countryside itself,but also related to the country's modernization transformation.As a large developing country that is undergoing rapid urbanization and rapid modernization,China urgently needs to pay attention to the global problem of rural recession.This is related to the resolution of the main contradictions in our society,the quality of our socialist modernization,and the fineness of our country's comprehensive construction of a well-off society.In this context,in 2017,the Party Central Committee innovatively proposed a "rural revitalization" strategy in the report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.As soon as the strategy was proposed,scholars began research enthusiastically,exploring the connotation,elements,and paths of rural revitalization,and obtained rich research results.However,carefully digging reveals that these studies still have certain limitations.The interpretation of the connotation of rural revitalization mostly focuses on the interpretation of policies,and lacks theoretical exploration from the perspective of Marxist political economy.Although the theoretical research on rural revitalization has covered the level of resource elements,it lacks a systematic consideration of rural elements and a theoretical analysis framework for rural elements and rural revitalization.On the exploration of the path of rural revitalization,although some scholars put forward the trend of developing rural collective economy,what are the characteristics of rural collective economy here?Is it the same as the traditional rural collective economy? These studies did not make a further theoretical analysis of the rural collective economy on which the rural revitalization in the new era relies.In addition,the research on rural revitalization is mostly based on the current situation,lack of inspection of the development of rural areas after the founding of New China,grasping the future development trend of rural areas from the logic of practice.Based on the above-mentioned realistic background and theoretical background,this article follows the idea of "practical logic-theoretical logic-realization path" to carry out research on rural revitalization.First of all,take the course of rural economic development practice as a clue to refine rural development experience and deduce the future development trend of rural areas.Secondly,based on Marxist political economy,explore the theoretical connotation of rural revitalization,construct an analysis framework of "element aggregation-element control",and analyze the realizing path of rural revitalization with rigorous logic.Then,further explore the internal logic of this realizing path and rural revitalization,and further test the path in practice through empirical analysis and case studies.Finally,it puts forward systematic policy recommendations for rural revitalization.Along this line of thought,the specific arrangements of this article are as follows:Chapter1 is the introduction.This chapter first introduces the topic background and research significance of this article,defines and explains the core concepts in this article,then sorts out the research ideas and methods of this article,and then summarizes the innovations and shortcomings of this article.Chapter2 is the source and development of rural revitalization.Firstly,trace the relevant thoughts of Marxist classic writers on rural development.Secondly,summarize the rural development thoughts with Chinese characteristics formed by the Chinese Communists in leading the practice of Chinese rural areas.Then,comb the theoretical explorations of the scholars on rural revitalization and grasp the latest research progress.Finally,review the existing research and discover the deficiencies of the existing research.Lay a solid foundation for the study of this article and point out the direction.Chapter3 is the practical logic of rural revitalization.After the founding of New China,our country's rural have experienced an exploratory development stage characterized by collective cooperation,an innovative transformation stage characterized by household contract management,and a deepening reform stage characterized by moderate scale operation.The key to the sustainable development of China rural areas for more than 70 years is that the Communist Party of China has always adhered to and innovated the rural collective economy,always adhered to the adaptation of rural production relations to productivity,always insisted on encouraging farmers,and always insisted on advancing with the times to promote rural reforms.At present,our country's rural development has the contradiction between farmers' unorganized and low development ability and the organized and high competitiveness required by the market economy,the contradiction between the fragmentation of land and the moderate concentration of land required by agricultural modernization,the contradiction between the destruction of natural ecology by rural capital and the green ecology required by beautiful countryside and agricultural modernization.Solving these three contradictions is the only way to realize rural revitalization.Based on rural practical experience and theoretical combing,it shows that the development of rural collective economy that is compatible with the market economy is the key way to solve the main contradictions of rural development in our country.Chapter4 is the theoretical logic of rural revitalization.This chapter first comprehensively examines the realistic background,national strategic background and international background of the rural revitalization strategy.Then,put the general requirements of rural revitalization "industrial prosperity,ecological livability,rural civilization,effective governance,and affluent life" under the framework of Marxist political economy,and proposed that rural revitalization is actually the balanced expansion of rural material wealth,spiritual wealth,and ecological wealth.On this basis,anatomize the structure of rural elements,construct a theoretical analysis framework of rural revitalization of "element aggregation-element control",analyze the logical mechanism of element aggregation,element control and rural revitalization,and point out that high element aggregation efficiency and strong element control ability are the prerequisites for rural revitalization.Finally,it analyzes the conditions for achieving high element aggregation efficiency and strong element control ability,and proposes a rural revitalization path for the development of a new rural collective economy.Chapter 5 is the realization path of rural revitalization: the development of a new type of rural collective economy.This chapter will conduct a systematic study of the new rural collective economy,and use rigorous logic to demonstrate that the new rural collective economy is the best path for rural revitalization.First,conduct a systematic study of the rural collective economy in general.Secondly,analyze the new characteristics of the new rural collective economy that is compatible with the market economy.Then,the paper studies the internal logic of the new rural collective economy and rural revitalization from the two dimensions of element aggregation and control.The new rural collective economy,on the one hand,improves the efficiency of rural elements aggregation by integrating the internal resources of the countryside and undertaking the external resources of the countryside,on the other hand,it enhances the ability to control rural elements by improving the rural main body ability,internalizing government support,and improving the level of modern management.It is an effective way to improve the aggregation and control of rural elements,thereby promoting rural revitalization.Finally,the paper makes a comparative analysis of different management modes,and further shows that the new rural collective economy is the best choice to promote rural revitalization.Chapter 6 is an empirical study between rural collective economy and rural revitalization.First,according to the theoretical connotation of rural revitalization and the general requirements of rural revitalization,a rural revitalization index measurement system was constructed to provide a measurement basis for rural revitalization.Immediately afterwards,it analyzes the actual gap between our country's rural areas and rural revitalization from two aspects: the overall rural development and the aggregation and control of rural elements.Then,use the data from the "Thousand Village Survey" to empirically test the relationship between the rural collective economy and rural development.Finally,through case analysis of classic rural collective economic villages and new rural collective economic villages,it further explains the practical needs of developing a new rural collective economy that is compatible with the modern market economy,and verifies that the new rural collective economy improves the efficiency of rural element aggregation and the control capabilities of rural element to promote rural revitalization is a feasible path in practice.Chapter 7 is the policy recommendations for rural revitalization.This paper puts forward systematic policy suggestions for rural revitalization from three aspects:building a new rural collective economic platform,which provides platform conditions for aggregation and control of rural elements;upgrading rural elements from "quantity" to "quality",which means strengthening the capacity building of rural internal elements;and developing rural collective economy according to local conditions,which means paying attention to regional differences.From the perspective of Marxist political economics,this paper adopts the methods of combining concrete analysis and abstract analysis,historical analysis and logical analysis,and theoretical analysis and empirical analysis to study rural revitalization.On the whole study process,there are mainly the following innovations:Firstly,it explored the theoretical connotation of rural revitalization from the perspective of Marxist political economy.This article attempts to place the general requirements of rural revitalization under the framework of Marxist political economy,abstracting rural revitalization as a process of balanced expansion of rural material wealth,spiritual wealth and ecological wealth.It means that there are two connotations in the revitalization of the countryside.From the perspective of “scale level”,rural revitalization requires the expansion of material wealth,spiritual wealth,and ecological wealth;from the perspective of “structure”,rural revitalization requires the coordinated proportion of the three types of wealth,a reasonable structure,and a balanced expansion.From the perspective of Marxist political economy,grasp the essence and internal logic behind the general requirements of rural revitalization.Secondly,it has constructed a theoretical framework for rural revitalization.At present,scholars have been involved in the research on rural revitalization at the microelement level,but these studies are relatively fragmented and have a single perspective.They lack the systematic consideration of rural elements and the theoretical analysis framework of rural elements and rural revitalization.Starting from the basic connotation of rural revitalization,this article summarizes the elements of rural development into three types of elements: material wealth investment,spiritual wealth investment and ecological wealth investment.Then build a theoretical analysis framework of "element aggregation-element control",deeply analyze the theoretical logic of element aggregation,element control,and rural revitalization.According to different element aggregation efficiency and element control capabilities,rural areas are divided into four development forms.Rural revitalization needs high element aggregation efficiency and strong element control ability to support.Thirdly,the paper makes a systematic study on the realization path of rural revitalization,namely,the new rural collective economy.On the one hand,this paper analyzes the foundation,special form and basic support of the new rural collective economy which is suitable for the modern market economy.It is proposed that the new rural collective economy is based on the principle of collective ownership of the means of production,with collective asset share cooperation as the main form of realization,and supported by new elements,an economic form that is compatible with the modern socialist market economy.Compares it with the traditional rural collective economy and the household contract responsibility system.Grasp the new characteristics of the new rural collective economy more clearly.On the other hand,based on the framework of "element aggregation-element control",the theoretical logic of the new rural collective economy to promote rural revitalization is deeply explored.It also compares and analyzes the role of family farms and leading enterprises in rural revitalization,which further demonstrates that the new rural collective economy is the best path for rural revitalization. |
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