Analysis On The Characteristics,Effects And Mechanism Of China’s Taiwan Agricultural Technology Diffusion In China’s Mainland

The diffusion of agricultural technology can effectively improve agricultural production efficiency and promote agricultural economic development,which has been highly valued by countries and regions all over the world.Since 2004,No.1 document of China’s central government has been made arrangements for the diffusion of agricultural technology.The research on the characteristics,effects and mechanism of agricultural technology diffusion is one of the focuses in geography,economics,management and many other disciplines.To a certain extent,the agricultural development level of China’s Taiwan is ahead of that of China’s Mainland,and it has important influence in the world in breeding,cultivation,high and new technology,production,marketing,transportation and management,and so on,which is worthy of learning and referencing by China’s Mainland.The technology diffusion of China’s Taiwan agriculture in China’s Mainland conforms to the general rule of technology diffusion,but due to the special political background and cultural origin between the two sides of the Taiwan straits,the technology diffusion of China’s Taiwan agriculture in China’s Mainland is different from the general technology diffusion,and has its own uniqueness.At the same time,under the influence of the special political background and regional culture(hakka culture),the diffusion mechanism of Taiwan’s agricultural technology in the Mainland is inevitably different from the mainstream technology diffusion theory,and the technology adoption mechanism of Mainland’s farmers is inevitably different from the mainstream farmer adoption theory.To explore the characteristics,effects and mechanism of Taiwan’s agricultural technology diffusion in Mainland can enrich the relevant theories of technology diffusion.At the same time,it can provide policy basis for agricultural technology exchange across the Taiwan straits and promote agricultural modernization in Mainland.In this paper,the regional differences of agro-technical productivity in 32 provinces(excluding Hong Kong and Macao)including Taiwan are first discussed by using data envelopment analysis(DEA).Based on this basis,on the macro,taking “Taiwanese investment of agriculture in Mainland”(overseas direct investment is one of the main ways of international technology diffusion)as indicator variables;on the micro,taking “the orchid planting in Guangdong and Taiwan agricultural cooperation experimental zone in Guangdong Shaoguan(hereinafter referred to as the experimental zone)” as an example,the paper respectively discusses the diffusion characteristics,effect and mechanism of Taiwan agricultural technology in Mainland.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)On the macro scale.(1)The regional difference of Taiwanese agricultural investment in Mainland is obvious,it is concentrated in the eastern coastal areas such as Guangdong,Jiangsu,Fujian,Shanghai,Zhejiang,Beijing,Tianjin,Liaoning,and so on,and there is a trend of north movement.In the spatial pattern distribution,the spatial agglomeration feature,namely the spatial autocorrelation feature is obvious.Taiwan investment agglomeration level,market scale,economic opening degree,policy factor,labor cost and so on have strong influences on the location choice of Taiwan businessmen’s agricultural investment in Mainland.Occupying the vast market of Mainland is the important purpose of Taiwan merchants in the early stage.In the middle and late stage of agricultural investment of Taiwanese businessmen,the influence of the level of Taiwan’s investment agglomeration and the degree of economic opening is increasing day by day.(2)In the long run,there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between Taiwan agricultural investment and the agricultural GDP of the Mainland,the Eastern and Central part of the Mainland;and Taiwan agricultural investment is the granger reason of agricultural GDP of the Mainland,the Eastern and Central part of the Mainland.There is a long-term stable co-integration relationship between the agricultural investment of Taiwan and the agricultural GDP of the Western region of Mainland,but it is not the granger reason of agricultural GDP of the Western region of Mainland,and it plays a very small role in promoting the agricultural development of the Western region.In the short term,the agricultural investment from Taiwan has a certain promoting effect on the agricultural development in the Eastern part of Mainland,but has no significant positive effect on the agricultural development in Mainland and the Central and Western regions in Mainland.On the whole,the effect of agricultural investment has the characteristics of long-term,hysteresis and regional difference,which promotes the development of agricultural economy in different regions of China’s Mainland in a similar way to that of agricultural FDI and FDI,but there are differences at the same time.The impact of Taiwan business investment on the development of agriculture in China’ Mainland is much less than that of agricultural fixed asset investment of China’s Mainland.(2)On the micro scale.(1)The number of orchid growers in the experimental area showed an “S” curve growth,which was the “most early” stage in Rogers’ five stages of agricultural technology diffusion;The spatial distribution of orchid growers is affected by the traffic condition,technical condition and terrain condition.The orchid garden is centered on Taiwan’s firms such as Defang orchid garden and Xinqimei orchid garden,and is concentrated in the low flat land of four administrative villages on both sides of the provincial highway S245,including Songtang,Xianbei,Xiannan and Jiuxian.The evolution trend from uniform distribution to agglomeration distribution is becoming more and more obvious.(2)The orchid technology diffusion network in the test area has a multi-core structure,Taiwan enterprises,universities and scientific research institutions,orchid professional cooperatives,orchid association,some non-local enterprises and some local enterprises are in the core position in the diffusion network.The “core-edge” structure among orchid enterprises(farmers)is obvious,and the faction structure is complex,which breaks through the limitation of regional space to some extent.The network structure of orchid planting technology diffusion has gradually changed from “family and clan network” to “functional network”,and “strong generative relationship” has an increasingly strong influence on orchid planting technology diffusion.(3)The comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of orchid growers(enterprises)in the test area have great room for improvement.There is more or less redundancy in the input of factors,while the output is insufficient.Therefore,it is necessary to adjust and optimize the production efficiency.(4)The analysis results of the structural equation model show that: the factor of farmers network characteristic,the cognition factor of peasant household to the Taiwan agriculture,the factor of characteristics of Taiwan agriculture,the factor of characteristics of Taiwan agricultural technical services and the factor of basic conditions have significant promoting effects on the diffusion of orchid technology.Two factors,namely,the factor of entrepreneurial characteristics of farmers under the dimension of farmers and the factor of policy environment under the dimension of environment,have no significant promoting effects on the diffusion effect of orchid technology,they are failed to pass the test.