Research On Comparing Diffusion Factors Of Technological Innovation And Measuring Effects Between China And America

As the only superpower today,the United States is a leader in science,technology,culture,finance,and military.America's economic leadership depends mainly on technological leadership.The United States sets high values on scientific and technological invention and innovation and has the most robust mechanism for promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.Science and technology promote the development of the American manufacturing industry,and the development of manufacturing industry facilitates the transfer of scientific and technological achievements to the production areas,which is a very efficient process of technological innovation diffusion.Since the reform and opening-up,China has achieved exceptionally rapid economic growth and has been the second-largest economy for many years in the world.At the same time,China is making rapid progress in building a national innovation system,strengthening its strategic scientific and technological strength,and is at a critical stage of building an innovative country.As a great manufacturing country,China's independent innovation capability still has many deficiencies,and there is still a big gap between China and the United States and other advanced countries.In particular,China's technological innovation and production are far from being closely linked.There is a bottleneck in the transmission of advanced technology between the source and the receiving place of technological innovation and between different regions,which hinders technological innovation diffusion and is also the main problem in transforming China's scientific and technological achievements.In this background,by referring to the diffusion of technological innovation in the United States,this paper compares the diffusion of technological innovation between China and the United States and analyzes the outstanding problems in the process of technological innovation diffusion in China.It is of great significance for China to improve the effectiveness of technological innovation diffusion,promote the close connection between science and technology and production,and further promote high-quality economic development.This paper constructs a measure model and index system of technological innovation diffusion based on the systematical analysis of the theory and mechanism of technological innovation diffusion.It makes a systematic comparison of the modes,influencing factors,and diffusion effects of Technological innovation diffusion between China and the United States.The principal component regression method is used to study the influencing factors of technological innovation diffusion in China and the United States.By constructing the structural equation model,the technology diffusion effect between China and the United States is compared.Finally,based on the research conclusions,some policy suggestions are put forward to promote the diffusion of technological innovation in China.This paper consists of eight chapters,and the main research contents are following:First,the diffusion theory and diffusion mechanism of technological innovation are systematically sorted out.Based on sorting out the domestic and foreign literature on technological innovation diffusion,the research concept of this paper is defined.A diffusion system consisting of four parts: the source of diffusion,the way of diffusion,the place of acceptance of diffusion,and the environment of diffusion,is constructed,and a variety of diffusion pathways with people,things,capital,networks,and intermediaries are deeply analyzed.The diffusion effect of technological innovation is defined,and the environmental factors that influence technological innovation diffusion are summarized.This part is the fundamental theoretical part of the thesis,which provides a theoretical basis for the empirical analysis and measurement.Second,through descriptive statistical analysis,it makes a systematic comparative analysis of the modes,influencing factors,and technological innovation diffusion effects in China and the United States.Taking Chinese universities,research institutions,American universities,and federal laboratories as representatives,this paper analyzes the different characteristics of technological innovation diffusion models in China and the United States and summarizes their reference significance to China.Various factors influencing technological innovation diffusion in China and the United States are discussed from the policy environment,resource guarantee,and intermediary service.The results of technological innovation diffusion in China and the United States are analyzed and compared from the patent application,transfer of scientific and technological achievements,and papers in scientific and technological journals.The analysis in this part helps grasp the overall picture of the whole environment of innovation in China and the United States.Third,this part uses the principal component regression method to empirically test the influencing factors of technological innovation diffusion in China and America.This part constructs an index system consisting of twelve indicators from five aspects,including innovation input,scientific and technological achievements,science and technology intermediary,information technology service,and policy support.It makes a comparative analysis of different technological innovation diffusion factors from three perspectives: China,the United States,and the Comparison between China and the United States.Based on the empirical results,this paper discusses and analyzes the reasons for the different results of similar factors.Fourth,this part measures the diffusion effect of technological innovation between China and the United States,mainly from the United States to China,by constructing the structural equation model.This part selects seven latent variables,including trade and investment,the gap between China and the US,economic environment,science,and technology environment,absorbing capacity,infrastructure,and government policies as independent variables.It adopts the measured total factor productivity(TFP)as an endogenous latent variable.This paper constructs a structural equation model for research based on eleven years' panel data of twentytwo provinces.In selecting indicators,five indicators that can reflect the technology diffusion from the United States to China,such as the import volume,export volume,FDI,economic gap,and technology gap between the United States and twenty-two provinces,are specially considered.The recursive model with a single causal relationship and the non-recursive model with indirect feedback relationship are constructed respectively.This part of the study,in-depth research and analysis of the US to technological innovation diffusion effect to China,provides a basis for the final targeted policy recommendations.The innovation of the paper lies in:(1)the creation of a research perspective.There is little attention to the technology diffusion between China and the US.This paper studies the technology innovation diffusion from the perspective of comparison between China and the United States.In addition,the data of import and export trade between 22 provinces and the United States and FDI from the United States are collected.Then,considering other factors that affect the diffusion of technological innovation,we take the total factor productivity(TFP)as the dependent variable to study the effect of the United States on the diffusion of technological innovation in China.(2)Innovation of methods.In this paper,the structural equation models are established,including a recursive and a non-recursive model.The diffusion of technological innovation from the United States to China is measured.The path analysis of the causal relationship between the potential variables in the model is carried out to expand the structural equation model's application field.(3)The consideration of influencing factors is more careful and comprehensive.In principal component regression analysis,an index system consisting of twelve indicators in five aspects is constructed.In the structural equation model analysis part,based on China's perspective as the diffusion acceptor,the independent variable index system,including seven exogenous latent variables and eighteen observation variables,is constructed to study the diffusion effect of American technological innovation on China.(4)This study is more systematic on the diffusion of technological innovation between China and the United States.This paper systematically studies the diffusion of technological innovation between China and the United States from multiple perspectives.Firstly,based on the comparative analysis of factors,effects,and modes of diffusion between China and the United States,this paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of technological innovation diffusion between China and the US and finds out China's deficiencies in technology innovation diffusion.Secondly,based on comparative analysis,the paper measures the effect of technology diffusion between China and America.