| As collaborative innovation between organizations becomes the norm,the co-existence of cooperation and competition among enterprises has attracted extensive attention from academic and practical circles.Existing research has considered that compared with the pure cooperation or competition,coopetition can help enterprises to obtain complementary resources,share risk,expand the market and reduce the innovation cost,etc.,it is more beneficial for both sides of the alliance to achieve "win-win".However,due to the duality of coopetition itself,enterprises also face risks such as knowledge leakage,benefit encroachment and learning race while promoting innovation.Therefore,there is still no unified conclusion on the relationship between coopetition and innovation performance.Most of scholars agree that coopetition need to be managed effectively,whereas the literature on the subject is just beginning,in addition,existing research have ignored the differecnce between the coopetition and competitors and coopetition between value chain members,which failed to reveal the the contradictions of different nature represented by the two different coopetition relationship,and there are few studies on the internal mechanism and boundary conditions of the influence of coopetition relationship and its governance on enterprise innovation.Based on the innovation dilemma of coopetition,this paper combines the theory of coopetition,the dynamic relational view and the resource orchestration,and from the perspective of relational view,focusing on "How do enterprises construct coopetition relationship and choose governance mechanism?",which is discussed from different coopetition,different innovation types and the effectiveness of governance mechanism.On the basis of referring to relevant studies,building the analyzing configuration of "horizontal coopetition-vertical coopetition",following the logic of "structure-conduct-performance",building the theoretical frameworkof "coopetition relationship-governance mechanism-resources integration-enterprise innovation",exploring the following four closely related sub-questions step by step:(1)What is the nature and difference of different coopetition?(2)What are the differences in the influence of different coopetition relationships and their governance on enterprise innovation?(3)What are the mechanisms of the governance of coopetition relationship on enterprise innovation?(4)How do organizational and environmental factors affect the above mechanisms of action? In order to answer the above-mentioned questions,this paper is divided into four sub-studies and discussed in depth step by step: in the first sub-research,the differences in influencing factors and the main forms of cooperation and competition between the two coopetition relationships were analyzed.The second sub-research discusses the influence of different coopetition relationships on different types of innovation,and how to choose alliance governance mechanism in the context of the strength of competition and cooperation and the innovation intensity.Further,the third sub-research analyzes the role of governance mechanism on enterprise innovation in different coopetition relationships;Finally,the fourth sub-research investigates the boundary conditions of coopetition relationships and coopetition capability under the dynamic environmental characteristics.Compared with the existing studies,the conclusions and innovations of this paper are mainly reflected in the following three aspects:⑴This disseration deeply analyzes the coopetition relationship and its governance on enterprise innovation,and provides a new perspective for solving the conundrum of "duality of the coopetition" and "co-existence of incremental innovation and breakthrough innovation".Overview the whole research,based on the innovation dilemma of coopetition,there are two key and outstanding problems in the coopetition and innovation research: cooperation and competition in the coopetition relationships represent two different kinds of behavior,and incremental innovation and breakthrough innovation in enterprise innovation represent two different types of innovation,how to reconcile these two pairs of contradictions and unify them organically? This study takes the dynamic relational view as the theoretical framework and provides a new way to solve this problem from the perspective of the effectiveness of governance mechanism.The research results of this paper shows that different coopetition relationships have different impacts on different types of innovation in enterprises: due to the heterogeneity of resources between enterprises and suppliers and customers as well as the drive of common goals,and the complexity and uncertainty of breakthrough innovation,vertical coopetition is more conducive to breakthrough innovation than horizontal coopetition.On the contrary,due to the resource similarity and market overlap between enterprises and competitors,as well as the clarity of incremental innovation,horizontal coopetition is more conducive to incremental innovation than vertical coopetition.Further,the intensity of cooperation and competition in different coopetition relationships determines the effectiveness of governance mechanism: due to the low resource dependency and high opportunism risk in the horizontal coopetition,so the use of contractual governance can improve incremental innovation more than using relational governance.In vertical coopetition,the resource dependence is high and opportunism risk is low,therefore,relational governance can improve enterprise innovation better than contractual governance,and relational governance is more effective for breakthrough innovation than contractual governance.Hence,it can be seen that in the management of coopetition relationship,enterprises can choose the governance mechanism according to the different coopetition relationship and innovation types to achieve the balance of coopetition relationship and the improvement of innovation capability.Therefore,the research conclusion of this paper promotes the in-depth research of the relationship between coopetition and innovation,extends the application of alliance governance in the context of coopetition,and expands the research perspective of enterprise innovation.⑵This paper demonstrates in detail the mediating role of "resource integration" between the governance of coopetition relationship of enterprises and the enterprises innovation,and puts forward the resource integration mechanism based on coopetition relationship.By combining the theory of coopetition and dynamic relational view,this research has focused on resource integration and governance,which the two key elements of resource orchestration framework,building the concept of the model "coopetition relations-governance mechanism-resource integration-enterprise innovation",discussing the important role of resource integration mechanism composed by them for management of coopetition relations.The empirical research shows that resource integration plays an partial mediating role in the relationship between contractual governance and incremental innovation,relational governance and incremental innovation in horizontal coopetition respectively,and plays an partial mediating role in the relationship between contractual governance and breakthrough innovation,relational governance and breakthrough innovation in vertical coopetition respectively.Therefore,this paper proposed the resource integration mechanism based on the coopetition relationship,which includes three links: resource acquisition,resource integration and resource utilization.Hence,the conclusion deepens the understanding of enterprise coopetition relations mechanism,opened the black box between coopetition relationship governance and enterprise innovation from the perspective of resource orchestration,and provides new ideas and approaches for enterprises to identify and allocate resources through the governance of coopetition relationship,so as to enhance the enterprises innovation,it has also further deepens and expands the resource orchestration theory.⑶This disseratation fully reveals the contingency influence of different environmental dynamism on the coopetition relationship governance and coopetition capability,and enriches the connotation and extension of dynamic relational view.The research emphasizes the importance of coopetition capability to the management of coopetition relationship,and the empirical results shows that the coopetition capability positively influences the resource integration in the two types of coopetition relationship.By further analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the environment,the empirical research of this disseratation shows that different environmental characteristics have different effects on the coopetition relationship governance and coopetition capability,which is the two key elements of management coopetition relationship,that is to say,technological turbulence and competitive intensity have different regulating effects on the relationship between governance mechanism and resource integration and the relationship between coopetition capability and resource integration.In the vertical coopetition,the regulating effect of technological turbulence is more obvious.In the horizontal coopetition,the regulating effect of competitive intensity is more significant.This research conclusion enriches the understanding of the scenarios of coopetition relationship governance and coopetition capability,provides a comprehensive understanding for enterprises to cultivate coopetition capability and select appropriate governance mechanism according to environmental characteristics,complements the application of relational view in dynamic environment,and deepens the dynamic relational view through empirical analysis. |
