The Paths Of Urbanization In Mountainous Areas

China is a broad mountain country with mountainous areas in a broad sense accounting for 74.8% of national land area and feed 45% of the country's population.But the GDP of mountainous areas is only about 30% of that of the whole country.The exploitation of mountainous resources and environment is an important factor affecting the overall trend of the sustainable development of national social economy,and determines the fundamental improvement of the basic pattern of national regional development.Since the industrialization of our country,the regional development has always been facing new challenges in coordinating the development of mountain resources and environment with rational spatial organization.However,under the restriction of geographical environment and development conditions,the improvement and promotion of the efficiency of mountain resources and environment development is very slow,so that the development gap between the western inland mountain areas and the eastern coastal areas is widening.The transformation of development concept and urbanization path has become a difficult problem to be solved urgently for sustainable mountain development.From the perspective of economics,regional economic differences caused by geographical differences are a common phenomenon.From the governance of Rust Belt in the United States to the development of inland areas in Western China and the revitalization of old industrial bases in Northeast China,the same realistic needs are reflected: how to base on "efficiency and fairness".The principle of "peaceful" organic combination breaks through the constraints of geographical environment conditions,so as to realize the fundamental improvement of the environment for the sustainable development of national economy.This problem is not only an important issue to be solved urgently in the development of economics,but also a major challenge that modern state governance must face directly.In addressing itself to China's southwest region,this paper study the impact of resource and environment foundation,geographical development conditions and social development needs of regional coordinated development on the development of urbanization in mountainous areas.This paper evaluates the mechanism of the development conditions of mountainous resources and environment on population,economic factors and urban spatial development,seeks to explore the key factors that affect the maximum efficiency of mountain urbanization operation.In highlighting contradictions and points of divergence in the path selection of mountain urbanization development,it also seeks to highlight the potential contribution of rational choice,with the intention of providing theoretical insight and practical guidance to the coordinated development of China's modern regions.The research results show that:Urbanization in mountainous areas is the way to modernization in western China.The modern urbanization of mountainous areas in China starts late since the founding of the country,but the development level of reginal urbanization in mountainous areas has lagged and imperfect compared with the eastern region owing to the faster economic urbanization development based on traditional secondary and tertiary industries than the urbanization development of population,the long-term imbalance of urban industrial structure evolution and the insufficient innovation ability of social production,which will ultimately affect the improvement of the overall level of regional social and economic development.Only by promoting the benign interaction between industrialization and urbanization through the process of urbanization,promoting the unity of urban development and industrial support,population agglomeration and the change of lifestyle,can we solve the problem of unbalanced development at different levels among regions and within regions,and realize the goal of leapfrog development and transformation development in western mountainous areas.The specific geographical conditions of mountainous areas are the key restriction that impede the benefits associated with large-scale industrial development of resources and environment.Since the implementation of the western development strategy,the development of mountain resources has expanded in breadth and depth,with the consequence that the relative contribution of transportation infrastructure construction to factor flow and economic growth has become increasingly prominent.At the same time,the man-land relationship in mountainous areas in China is relatively strained at present,because of the rapid population growth and extensive development methods.Under the restriction of harsh terrain condition,the high capital input and operation maintenance cost make the mountainous transportation infrastructure cannot accept the social production of extensive product transported in great quantities and its spatial agglomeration activity.This shows that the traditional development model has become unsustainable.Accordingly,the construction of commodity production system with low freight rate and green environmental protection has emerged as the only way to improve and enhance the economic operation efficiency of mountainous cities and towns.In order to improve the geographical environment of mountain areas,the construction of transportation infrastructure plays an indispensable role.However,to maximize the value of mountain resources development,it is necessary to effectively link the internal and external economic development factors.It is therefore essential to seek out a solution by working towards the effective spatiotemporal coordination of the three systems of industrialization,transportation and urbanization.We should adhere to the ecological development of industry,establish a social production system centered on the manufacturing of characteristic terminal products,and cultivate a multi-functional and diversified urbanization development model to meet the increasingly diversified demand of resource development and market development.These changes will,in cumulative effect,contribute to comprehensive improvements in the efficacy and sustainability of economic development in mountainous areas.The prioritization of efficiency and fairness has already contributed to some achievements in regional coordinated development in China;however,the long-term "blood transfusion type" mechanism cannot solve the contradiction between potential mountain development and environmental protection.Empirical research and case analysis show that the key to the development of modern mountain urbanization is to seek a development strategy with different regional environment and diversified development based on the actual conditions of mountain development.Only by choosing a reasonable path of urbanization in mountainous areas can it be possible to surpass the constraints of social production input costs,change the way of life and then change the mode of production,form a market-led endogenous development mechanism,realize the transformation from "passive blood transfusion" to "active hematopoiesis",and fundamentally change the backward productivity and slowness.Therefore,this will fundamentally change the backward productivity,alleviate and even curb the increasingly tense human-land relationship in the western mountainous areas.This paper can be said to be innovative in four respects.First,this paper constructs a theoretical analytical framework(mountain resources development and urbanization development)that more comprehensively reflects how the geographical environment impacts on regional economic disparities.Based on the comprehensive evaluation of resources,environment and geographic development conditions,this paper analyses the external influence and function of transportation development on urbanization development,and then reveals the relationship and evolution law of industrialization,transportation and urbanization,so as to grasp the internal coordination mechanism between resources,environment and development needs in mountainous areas.Second,based on the calculation of resource and environment foundation and pressure of mountain urbanization in southwest China,this paper summarizes the intensity and overall characteristics of exploitation and utilization of mountain resources and environment,and judges the basic trend of regional resource and environment security system and the target selection of ecological civilization development in the future.Third,it improves the Cobb-Douglas production function by incorporating transportation cost into the model.It then uses this resource to analyze the relationship between industrialization,transportation and urbanization,and in turn provides insight into the causes of the high social production input costs(environmental and transportation)that derive from the mountain environment and make the individualized choice of urban economic development mode inevitable.Finally,this paper engages an important period in China's mountain industrialization.In registering the characteristics of the human-land relationship,it probes into the rationality of revising the principle of "giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness",and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the paths of urbanization in mountainous areas.