| In the process of universal urbanization in the world and domestic reform and opening up,China has gradually formed a typical rapid urbanization path with development zones as the main spatial carriers.The strategies of new-type urbanization and rural revitalization have brought new opportunities and challenges to the sustainable transformation of development zones.The process of long-term expansion and extensive establishment has increasingly highlighted the special model of the development zone,whose specific logic requires the deep integration of geographic space technology and space theory.The research is based on multi-scale integration of time and space,the combination of development zone and GIS spatial analysis,and the interaction of multi-subject elements,which has realized important innovations in development zones'descriptions of multi-scale spatio-temporal pattern and interpretation of spatio-temporal evolution mechanism.It not only helps to make up for the lack of data in empirical analysis of development zones,but also promotes the expansion and application of geospatial methods and models in the field of development zones,as well as strengthens its logical interpretation of the spatial patterns and historical connotations.The main conclusions are summarized as follows:(1)All development zones fully demonstrate the spatial distribution differences and spatial clustering of park and industrial development.First of all,industrial parks are important spatial carriers for the rapid development of secondary industries in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area(BTHA),Yangtze River Delta Area(YRDA),Pearl River Delta Area(PRDA)and Chengdu-Chongqing Area(CCA).The economic and technological parks respectively highlight the economic-oriented characteristics of Hebei and Shandong and the technology-oriented characteristics of Jiangsu and Guangdong.The diversified parks have gradually expanded the development zone model to the primary and tertiary industries.Secondly,the development zones spreading over most cities and county-level administrative divisions have basically formed dense areas such as dual-core,single-core and multiple centers,and dual centers,and the overall urban spatial distribution pattern is€.The development zones established in the districts are approximately twice as large as the counties'ones and have obvious regional agglomeration.In addition,county-level administrative divisions based on the quantitative attributes of development zones have significant clustering characteristics.The east coast area,dominated by the three major urban agglomerations,has become an active area for industrial scale development and concentrated urban construction.However,the mismatch between parks and industries also exposed the general problems of inefficient use of land resources,such as excessive expansion and homogeneous competition of development zones.(2)Development zones above the provincial level have profoundly demonstrated their temporal and spatial stage evolution,path trends,and social differentiation.First,the approved areas of the development zones are relatively small and half of them are concentrated in 3-9km~2.In the stage of initial exploration,the exploration of national-level development zones and the advancement of provincial-level development zones are the main focus.In the stage of explosive construction,the main force of provincial development zones is rapidly increased,and then the spatial expansion from east to west is realized in the stage of rapid development.Gradually shift to the stage of slowdown adjustment characterized by slower growth and local concentration.Second,the development zones have gradually expanded from low and slow areas to large,medium and small cities in relatively high and steep areas,and has been adjusted to low and slow areas in recent years.Featured industrial parks,economic development zones,economic and technological development zones,and high-tech industrial development zones are the main reasons for increasing the diversity of provincial development zones.The centroid trajectories of the number and area of development zones at different levels are basically the same and follow the change trend of“from east to west”oriented by provincial development zones.Third,the number of development zones away from the city center,the number of provincial development zones and their area scale are the most important controlling factors for the social spatial differentiation of different cities.(3)The chemical parks embody the collection of industrial clusters,the concentration of subjects,and the collection of chemical accidents.First of all,the chemical industry park is the main carrier for the professional development of the chemical industry.The number and area of the chemical industry park are expressed in the regional difference of urban and rural distribution in the eastern and western regions more than the northeast and central regions.The“small but many”layout characteristics of chemical parks in waterfront areas such as Shandong,Jiangsu and Zhejiang have resulted in the close waters and roads in the eastern region becoming the most important superimposed impact areas.Secondly,since the 1990s,most of the construction of chemical enterprises has been concentrated in the eastern coastal areas,especially the YRDA,while cities with more chemical production enterprises have been concentrated in Hebei,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Fujian and Guangdong.In addition,China is the country with the largest number of chemical explosions and fire accidents,concentrated in the spring and summer of the northern hemisphere.More than half of the accidents in recent years have occurred in districts,and most of them are accidents in enterprise factories.However,most serious accidents involving the number of lost and heavy losses occurred at the county level,which is closely related to the insufficient governance capacity of the parks at the county level and the low level of corporate management.(4)The government-led development zone model follows an interactive evolution mechanism and urgently needs to achieve spatial integration and development with the administrative zone.On the one hand,development zones are the main way to promote land urbanization and population urbanization.In the past 40 years,the net increase in the area of urban,village and industrial and mining land is about 4×10~4k m~2.Both the area of the development zones in municipal districts and the population density of the development zones have a significant positive impact on the urbanization rate of the permanent population.On the other hand,the evolution mechanism of development zones embodies the process of power,space,economy,society and other factors that play against each other.On the basis of driving the dual cycles of“Capital/Industry(?)Industrialization”and“Urbanization(?)Land/Population”,“Industrialization?Development Zone?Government?Administrative Division?Uubanization”has jointly shaped a multi-scale interactive“(Digitalization+Agglomeration)(?)(Citizenization+Marketization)”single-cycle system.At the same time,the spatial issues between development zones and administrative divisions highlighted by the evolutionary mechanism have also led to multiple management conflicts,such as the governance of chemical parks.The key to the solution is to promote the legal construction and standard supervision of the development zones and follow the path of integrated development with the administrative divisions. |
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