| Innovation has become an important way for more and more countries to pursue high-quality development and enhance their international competitiveness.On February 18,2021,the website of Forbes Biweekly reported on the US government's emphasis on the role of innovation in maintaining America's world leadership,and listed four major innovation trends in the US government in 2021.On March 12,2021,the Xinhua News Agency authorized to release of the law of the People's Republic of China on the national economy and social development of 14 five-year plan and 2035 vision outline explicitly pointed out that in the world today is undergoing great change from the one hundred,as the main body,to speed up the building to the domestic circulation bi-circulating mutual promotion of domestic and international new development pattern,We will continue to pursue innovation-driven development and the central role of innovation in China's overall modernization drive.We will fully implement the innovation-driven development strategy,improve the national innovation system,and create new advantages for development in all respects.With the acceleration of knowledge updating and the improvement of diversification and decentralization of innovation resources,the innovation model gradually changes from closed mode to open mode,from linear mode to complex network mode,and the cooperative innovation network with a certain degree of cohesion can continuously evolve.Innovation is also one of the key research fields that regional economic scholars pay attention to.Boschma emphasizes the important role of geographical proximity to industrial clusters and regional innovation development,while Bathelt emphasizes that the network connection between innovation actors is the key to sustaining regional innovation development and maintaining long-term stability.However,according to the existing research results,most scholars are too inclined to study the formation and evolution of innovation networks from the perspective of a single spatial scale and homogeneous regions,and pay insufficient attention to the integration of multi-spatial scale innovation networks and the comparative analysis of specialized and diversified regional innovation networks.Therefore,this paper uses the collaborative invention patent application data of prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2018,and with the help of social network analysis method and analysis software such as UCINET and Gephi,This paper systematically analyzes the structural characteristics and evolution process of the cooperative innovation network of different types of regions,within and between regions,as well as its effect mechanism and policy implications on regional innovation performance in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The Yangtze River Economic Belt cooperation and innovation network has been improved.The number of innovation organizations is gradually increasing and the network scale is obviously expanding,but there are obvious differences in the role and status of different types of cities and innovation subjects.From 2000 to 2006,only2,485 innovation organizations participated in the network,while from 2013 to 2018,the network expanded to 22,472 innovation organizations.The density of the cooperative innovation network tends to decrease with the expansion of the scale,the cooperative relationship between the nodes of the network has a certain transitivity,and the core and edge parts of the network have the possibility of cooperation.In the inter-regional cooperative innovation network,Shanghai,Nanjing,Hangzhou,Wuhan,Changsha,Chongqing,Suzhou and other cities have strong network embeddedness,control the process of knowledge diffusion,occupy key intermediary positions and have great influence.Compared with enterprises in western developed countries,universities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt contribute more to knowledge exchange than enterprises.They occupy a central position in the overall,intra-regional and inter-regional cooperative innovation network,and are the leaders and organizers of the cooperative innovation network.(2)Intra-regional and inter-regional cooperative innovation networks provide important network capital for regional innovation development.(1)To expand the scale of regional cooperative innovation networks and control the density of regional cooperative innovation networks is an important measure to improve regional innovation performance.The closure relationship is more conducive to the improvement of regional innovation performance than the bridge relationship.The scale,density,clustering and other characteristics of the cooperative innovation network in the region directly affect the information dissemination and technical cooperation among innovation subjects,the co-construction and sharing of regional knowledge resources,the intensity of technology development and the efficiency of technology transformation,and have a significant impact on the regional innovation performance.Increasing network density is helpful to standardize cooperation and increase communication,but too close network connection will also increase the cost of new ideas,new knowledge and new technology,which is not conducive to the improvement of regional innovation performance.(2)Taking a central position in the interregional cooperative innovation network to acquire knowledge outside the region has a positive impact on improving the regional innovation performance.The degree centrality and proximity centrality of urban cooperative innovation network between regions have a positive impact on regional innovation performance.Regional cooperation is conducive to knowledge and technology exchange,and close relations with cities with high centrality can improve the speed of regional access to information in the network,which determines regional innovation performance.The centrality advantage of cities in the inter-regional cooperative innovation network is higher than the advantage of network control ability.The improvement of regional innovation performance by the universality of access to innovation information and knowledge is higher than the speed of access to information and control of knowledge and information.(3)Intra-regional and inter-regional cooperative innovation networks jointly affect regional innovation performance,and goalkeepers play the role of a bridge between knowledge transfer within and outside the region.The scale of intra-regional cooperative innovation network and the centrality of inter-regional cooperative innovation network have a substitution relationship on regional innovation performance,while the density of intra-regional cooperative innovation network and the centrality of inter-regional cooperative innovation network have a complementary relationship.Goalkeepers can acquire the external knowledge and transcode it to the innovation subject within the region,but the indirect network relationship established by the goalie has a certain threshold to influence the regional innovation performance.(3)The importance of cooperative innovation networks is affected by regional technical characteristics,and there are obvious differences between specialized regions and diversified regions.(1)For specialized regions,the bridge relationship in intra-regional cooperative innovation network has a greater impact on regional innovation performance than the closure relationship.The centrality of intra-regional cooperative innovation network also has a significant impact on regional innovation performance.A wide range of regional external knowledge can make up for the small size of the internal network in specialized regions.In particular,by increasing the number of external and external goalkeepers,direct contact can be established to introduce external new knowledge and expand the opportunity of technical reorganization,which plays an important role in improving the innovation performance in specialized regions.(2)For diversified regions,the close cooperation between internal innovation agents and the central position in the inter-regional cooperative innovation network is conducive to improving regional innovation performance.In particular,it is necessary to develop closure relationship to improve regional innovation performance,and a good interaction is formed between intra-regional and inter-regional cooperative innovation networks.Goalkeeper in diverse areas to perform critical interface between the local and external knowledge systems function,for example,screening of the external resources,access to external resources and pass the new knowledge to diverse regions of the local innovation main body,namely indirect external network connection for promoting diversified regional innovation performance contribution,star goalkeeper than external effects on diverse regional innovation performance is more significant.This article explores the regional cooperation,regional innovation network effect on the regional innovation performance,extending the research Angle of view from a single space scale up to space scale,and the comparative analysis of cities and diversified professional city,help from the perspective of network clear local knowledge,the influence of the external knowledge of regional innovation performance.In terms of policy inspiration,on the whole,we should take effective measures to expand the scale of cooperative innovation network in the region,encourage and guide the innovation subject in the region to establish close external cooperative innovation relationship with the outside of the region,and promote the improvement of regional innovation performance.At the same time,the guiding principle of adapting measures to local conditions should be carried out,and the difference between specialized cities and diversified cities should be emphasized.Professional cities are encouraged to establish direct external innovation relations,while diversified cities are encouraged to strengthen indirect external innovation relations,so as to give full play to the core role of goalkeepers in the introduction of new knowledge outside districts.In the future,it is necessary to carry out more fieldwork,deepen the understanding of the relationship between informal connections and regional innovation performance,carry out the systematic comparison of different types of regional innovation networks,and promote the theoretical innovation of innovation geography and regional economics. |
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