| Since the concept of "building an innovative country" was put forward by the National Science and Technology Conference in 2006,China has developed a path of innovative development with characteristics in line with national conditions.In 2019,the Statistical Bulletin of National Science and Technology Investment pointed out that China's R & D investment has reached 2.214 trillion yuan,with an investment intensity of 2.23%.This total investment has been the second largest in the world since 2013,gradually narrowing the gap with the United States.Scientific and technological innovation,as the core driving force of the development of an innovative country,has deeply changed the core driving force,elements and concepts of social and economic development,and fundamentally supported the sustainable development of social economy.At present,China has entered a decisive victory to become an innovative country.The transformation of the principal contradiction of society leads to an urgent need to fully integrate the five core development concepts in the process of building an innovative country,transform the previous driving model into innovation-driven,and emphasize the accumulation of knowledge and talents and the upgrading of technology and experience,so as to fundamentally improve the endogenous driving force of China's social and economic development and broaden the concept and path of development.Since the implementation of the strategy for the construction and development of an innovative country,China has made fruitful achievements in both scientific and technological development and economic and social development.During this period,domestic scholars also studied the effect of innovation-driven development in China from the perspective of regional innovation development and innovation efficiency measurement,which enriched the corresponding theoretical achievements.However,it is worth noting that with the background of China's economic development turning to a new normal and high-quality development,the previous research perspective has some limitations.In addition,scholars mostly analyze the regional development of China,and lack to examine and compare the innovation development level of countries all over the world from the perspective of innovation efficiency.What is worse is that when analyzing the influencing factors,there is no discussion and consideration of the cooperation mechanism between the elements.Based on this,the research content of this paper involves the following aspects:(1)Through the combing and analysis of the literature review,the evolution and development process of the concept,connotation and characteristics of the innovative country is clearly understood,and the corresponding research perspectives and methods are put forward,and the problems that need to be solved are clarified.(2)Drawing lessons from the innovation system theory and innovation economy theory,the evolution of China's innovation-oriented country construction is combed,and the future development trend of China is further expanded.(3)According to the previous research results,the basic connotation and characteristics of innovative countries are summarized and summarized.Based on its development characteristics and trends,the development elements of innovative countries are deconstructed from six dimensions,and the basic theoretical framework of the research is built.(4)Based on the six dimensions of innovation resources,knowledge creation and medical innovation,a scientific and reasonable evaluation index system is constructed,the gaps between countries are compared,and the influencing factors causing the differences are analyzed and explained,so as to provide theoretical basis and practice for the realization of international comparison.(5)Based on the three-stage DEA model and Malmquist index to measure national innovation efficiency,the differences of innovation efficiency between countries and continents are evaluated,the spatial spillover of innovation efficiency is analyzed,and the related factors that affect the development of innovative countries are excavated.(6)By using the spatial econometric model,the development level of an innovative country is measured and analyzed from three aspects: innovation resource elements,innovation efficiency elements and innovation environment elements,and the spatial effects of each driving factor are investigated.(7)Based on the empirical conclusion,Based on the empirical conclusion,the corresponding strategic suggestions are put forward from the aspects of basic research,resource allocation,introduction of science and technology,knowledge reserve,talent training,etc.The main research results of this paper are as follows:1.There are significant differences in the research results of innovation and development at home and abroad.The evaluation of national innovation and development level in foreign countries is mainly based on the development concept of developed countries,ignoring the national characteristics of emerging and developing countries and paying little attention to international high tech competition.Secondly,the measurement research of the existing national innovation level is mainly from the perspective of input and output.Basically,it analyzes the influencing factors of the output of innovation achievements by constructing models,instead of distinguishing the elements of innovation development,but mixing them together,resulting in a lack of evaluation of the national innovation development level from the perspective of innovation efficiency.In addition,the existing evaluation methods of innovative countries' innovation capabilities at home and abroad are more suitable to distinguish the differences between innovative countries,rather than to judge whether a country meets the standards of innovative countries.In general,some international assessments can reflect the difference in the level of innovation and development between countries to a certain extent,but the evaluation results emphasize the country's innovation ability,which is not a criterion for an innovative country.The indicator system can not be simply applied to the evaluation of innovative countries,because it does not take into account the characteristics and characteristics of the construction of innovative countries,resulting in the construction of scientific and reasonable evaluation methods according to the development characteristics of innovative countries.2.Through analysis and referring to international and domestic theoretical and empirical research experiences on the evaluation of the development level of innovative countries,an evaluation index system for the development level of an innovative country has been constructed from 6 dimensions and 15 levels,containing 42 indicators.The evaluation results show that innovation resources and innovation capabilities account for nearly half of the weight,which shows that strengthening the investment of innovation resources and the improvement of innovation ability is still the fundamental way to build an innovative country.The proportion of enterprise R & D investment is low,and the motivation and potential of enterprise innovation are obviously insufficient.In the aspect of knowledge creation,the original achievements and core technologies are still short,and the source of the construction of innovative industry chain is blocked.In terms of health care,although China's battle against poverty has won in stages,China still faces severe challenges in terms of investment in medical resources and construction of medical security,and the work of narrowing the relative poverty gap between urban and rural areas is still grim after the completion of poverty alleviation.3.Without considering the external environmental factors,the comprehensive efficiency of China's innovation has always been maintained,which is at the forefront of the world.The main reason is that China's output achievements such as the number of patent applications,the number of papers published and the export volume of hightech products are relatively high,while the R & D personnel and funding investment are relatively small,which makes the innovation efficiency remarkable.Secondly,external environmental factors have a great impact on innovation efficiency,in which the improvement of the level of industrial cooperation and legal protection will promote the development of innovation activities and increase the input of innovation resources,but it will also lead to the waste of two kinds of input factors.On the other hand,the improvement of the administrative level of the government not only stimulates the potential of independent innovation,but also ensures the enthusiasm of innovation,so as to improve the comprehensive efficiency of innovation.After excluding the influence of environmental factors and random factors,both scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency change,showing the characteristics of pure technical efficiency improvement and scale efficiency decrease.From the perspective of the global Malmquist index,it shows a slight downward trend year by year,indicating that the change index of technological progress is the main factor affecting the change of Malmquist index.On the whole,there are obvious differences in innovation efficiency among countries around the world,and it shows agglomeration in spatial distribution,which shows that there is a spatial spillover effect in the development of national innovation.4.Through the theoretical analysis of the spatial spillover effects and driving factors of national innovation development,the spatial efficiency of global and European innovation development is analyzed with the help of spatial panel error model(SEM)and Durbin model(SDM).The study suggests that firstly,from the empirical analysis of the spatial econometric model,the fitting effect of both SEM model and SLM model is higher than that of OLS model.The results of the Moran index I and the Gilly Index C are both significant at the level of 1%,indicating that there is a significant spatial positive correlation in the development of national innovation at the regional level,the regions with similar levels of Innovation Development Index show agglomeration characteristics in space.Secondly,from the test results of LM,Robust LM,Wald and LR,the spatial error model should be selected for the global spatial econometric model of innovation development,while the spatial panel Durbin model with fixed effect should be selected for the spatial econometric model of innovation and development in Europe.Third,from the decomposition of the spatial effects of the driving factors of innovation development in Europe,the six explanatory variables have a direct positive effect on the level of innovation development,indicating that domestic drivers will have a positive impact on the development of domestic innovation.While the indirect effects of human resources and intellectual property protection are negative,and passed the 5%significance level test,indicating that domestic human resources and intellectual property protection have negative effects on neighboring countries.The main contributions are as follows:(1)Based on the perspective of the development of innovative state theory,the evolution of innovative state theory has been clarified,and the theoretical framework has been formed,which enriches and improves the research of innovation theory.(2)An index system for evaluating the development level and innovation efficiency of an innovative country with multidimensional and dynamic attributes has been constructed,and the flow factors of driving factors for the construction of an innovative country have been explored,which is helpful to promote the construction and development of an innovative country.to provide a theoretical basis for government decision-making.(3)Entropy weightTOPSIS,three-stage DEA and Malmquist index methods are adopted to form a tool to measure the development level and innovation efficiency of innovative countries.To a large extent,this makes up for the defect of the single research method of the development of innovative countries in the past.What's more,the spatial effect analysis model is constructed,which provides a scheme for optimizing the spatial allocation of innovative resources and an important reference for the government to formulate spatial coordination and complementary development.In the future,the research will focus on the following directions:(1)As China will enter the next stage of the development of an innovative country,there will be new changes and characteristics in the process of building an innovative country based on the new normal and high-quality development background.This means that its theoretical research needs to be enriched and improved to describe the internal operation mechanism and mechanism among the elements under the active action.(2)This paper only makes a comparative analysis of the differences of innovation development among countries all over the world from the perspective of international comparison of national innovation development levels,but fails to further focus on typical innovative countries to study the development of their provinces or cities.This provides an insertion point for further research in the future.(3)This paper only makes an empirical analysis on the spatial effect of the driving factors of innovation development,and lacks the spatial quantitative research on the influence of the factors from the perspective of innovation efficiency and innovation ability,which deserves a follow-up in-depth research. |
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