Research On The Transformation And Upgrading Of China’s Economic Industrial Structure Under The Background Of High-quality Development

“Transformation and upgrading of industrial structure" is an economic topic that has attracted much attention in China and has lasted for many years with a long way to go.In recent years,although there are many articles about “industrial transformation and upgrading” and “ industrial structure adjustment”,most of them are from the perspective of industrial economics and apply western economic theories to explain the process and laws of industrial structure evolution.There are also some scholars apply Marx’s social capital reproduction theory and Lenin’s the theory of priority growth in the production of means of production to analyze changes in industrial structure,but it is rare to make a comprehensive and systematic analysis from the perspective of political economy.This paper takes “transformation and upgrading of China’s economic industrial structure under the background of high-quality development” as the topic and applies the relevant principles of Marxist political economy to conduct systematic research,which is not only helpful to deepen the understanding of “high-quality development”,“transformation and upgrading of industrial structure” and other relevant concepts,but also the application and supplement to the theory of studying “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure”.The topic of China’s “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure” was introduced after the outbreak of the world financial crisis in 2008.Previously,it was usually referred to as “rationalization and advancement of industrial structure” or“industrial structure adjustment”.Although several different terms are similar in meaning,the fact that “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure” is put on the agenda means that structural contradictions have been quite prominent,and the expectation of solving the problem is also very urgent.The impact of the world financial crisis on China has exposed the shortcomings of China’s economy.The predatory development of resources,the serious destruction of the ecological environment and a large amount of excess capacity indicate that it is urgent to transform the mode of economic development.Therefore,on the basis of the new development philosophy of “innovative,coordinated,green,open and shared development” proposed at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee,the report to the 19 th CPC National Congress also put forward new requirements of “high-quality development”.At present,China’s economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development.Promoting economic “high-quality development” is the fundamental requirement for determining development thinking,formulating economic policies,and implementing macro-control at present and in the future.To achieve “high-quality development”:First,we need to achieve stable economic growth,balanced development between urban and rural areas in different regions,development driven by innovation,harmony between man and nature,and development results benefit all the people.Second,the industrial layout should be optimized,the structure needs to be reasonable,the transformation and upgrading must be realized constantly,and the benefits of industrial development are supposed to be significantly improved.Third,it should have first-class competitiveness,quality reliability and brand influence,as well as advanced management concepts and methods.The relationship between “high-quality development” and “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure” is unified.On the one hand,“transformation and upgrading of industrial structure” provides the impetus for “high-quality development”,which is an indispensable and vital link in the process of “high-quality development” and can accelerate the process of“high-quality development”.On the other hand,“high-quality development” can promote the “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure”,and “high-quality development” is bound to force the transformation of industrial structure.“To promote economic high-quality development,we should focus on the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure and make the real economy stronger and better.”(1)It can be seen that “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure” is the key to economic work and the key to achieving “high-quality development”.The relevant principles of Marxist political economy are the theoretical basis for understanding and guiding China’s “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure”.Marx’s social capital reproduction theory explains that there must be a coordinated proportion relationship between the two major categories of social production and between different production departments(industries)within the categories.Once this mutually coordinated proportion relationship is destroyed,the industrial structure will be unbalanced and the supply-demand relationship will be distorted.A large amount of excess capacity in our country’s economy is the result of violating the principle of social capital reproduction.Marx’s theory of capital organic composition is the key to the interpretation of the “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure”.Under the condition of scientific and technological progress,capital accumulation keeps increasing,which inevitably leads to the trend of continuous improvement in capital organic composition.The process of capital organic composition improvement is the process of “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure”.The improvement of capital organic composition is always on the premise of technological progress and innovation.The improvement of the capital organic composition means that the allocation of industrial capital will inevitably change from the original labor-intensive to a higher level of capital-intensive and technology-intensive,which is not only the inevitable trend of the evolution of capital composition to a higher level,but also an inherent feature of the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure.Marx’s theory of industrial competition explained that competition mechanism is the basic mechanism of market economy operation and plays a decisive role in the optimal allocation of resources.Competition results in survival of the fittest,is not a waste of resources,but the way to optimize the allocation of resources.The theory of industrial competition enlightens us that the relationship between government and market must be handled correctly when transforming government functions.Dealing with the relationship between the government and the market is the key to effectively playing the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources.“Efforts to solve the problems of the imperfect market system,excessive government intervention and inadequate supervision”,(1)is the decisive condition for promoting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure to achieve high-quality economic development.General secretary Xi Jinping’s “supply-side structural reform” principle and “high-quality development”theory provide the realization approach and principle for promoting China’s“transformation and upgrading of industrial structure”.Promoting supply-side structural reform is a fundamental solution to adjust the economic structure and transform the mode of economic development on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the periodic characteristics of the domestic economy.It is a necessary requirement for fostering new drivers of growth,forming new advantages for first-mover development,and realizing innovation-led development.It is the mainline of economic development and economic work at present and in the future.“High-quality development” is the goal and principle that leads the “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure”.We must put quality first and give priority to benefit,and promote a qualitative leap in “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure”.Throughout the evolution of China’s industrial structure,after several stages of adjustment and optimization,the transformation and upgrading have achieved certain results,but there is a long way to go to meet the requirements of “high-quality development”.The existing structural problems are: imbalanced proportional relationship,low structural level;distorted supply and demand structure,the prominent contradiction between production and sales;low technology content,weak innovation ability;the low added value of products,excessive consumption of resources and energy;restricted by regional barriers,the industrial linkage effect is too small.The causes of the problems can be summarized from seven aspects: First,there is an orientation bias in economic development policies;Second,the international market demand is shrinking;Third,the institutional environment for the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure is not good;Fourth,the profitability of enterprises is low and the mode of production is too extensive;Fifth,the economic operation mechanism and management system are not sound.Sixth,factor prices have risen,and comparative advantages have been lost;Seventh,the implementation of the new development philosophy is not adequate.The causes of the existing problems show that the past one-sided pursuit of economic growth speed,focusing only on quantity but not quality and ignoring efficiency and effectiveness of development mode and principle are contrary to the Marxist principle and requirements of coordinated development,innovative development,green development and high-quality development.Therefore,only by learning from lessons and summing up the historical experience and lessons can we put forward the ideas and countermeasures to solve the problems.Stones from other hills may serve to polish the jade of this one--advice from others may help one overcome one’s shortcomings.In order to broaden the horizon,based on the experience of the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure in the United States,Japan and Germany,this paper proposes solutions to the problems and causes of China’s “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure”from five aspects in accordance with the requirements and principles of “high-quality development”.The first is to create a favorable environment for “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure” at the macro institutional level;The second is to accelerate the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure from the meso industrial technology level.The third is to call for the improvement of independent innovation and scientific and technological research and development capacity from the micro enterprise level.The fourth is from the perspective of enterprise operation mechanism to change the business management mode;The fifth is to focus on the supply side of the market and accelerate supply-side structural reform.This paper holds that there are many factors that determine and affect how the industrial structure changes,so it is also comprehensive to consider the countermeasures of“transformation and upgrading of industrial structure”.It involves not only the different market entities of government,enterprises and individuals,but also the politics,economy and culture of the society.Promoting “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure” can not only reap the positive effect of improving industrial competitiveness,but also bear the negative effect of employees being laid off when enterprises go bankrupt.Therefore,we must require deepening the reforms of fiscal and taxation,finance,education,medical care,social security and other systems to follow up to clear the way for promoting “transformation and upgrading of industrial structure”.All in all,as long as we have strong confidence in reform and take the promotion of economic “high-quality development” as the main line of economic development and economic work at present and in the years to come,“transformation and upgrading of industrial structure” will take faster pace.