| With China's economy entering the new normal,the development of manufacturing industry is facing with serious challenges such as increasingly severe resource and energy constraints,rising factor costs,vanishing demographic dividend,and tightening environmental regulations.The previous competitive model relying on low cost and low price is becoming increasingly weak and unsustainable,and innovation-driven transformation is imminent.Due to the high complexity,high investment,high risk of innovative production activities and high spillover of innovative results,it is increasingly difficult and inappropriate to improve the innovation ability entirely by relying on their own resources,which cannot adapt to the pace of technological change and the dynamic market change.In this context,exploring the improving path and growth source of technological innovation in manufacturing industry has become an important practical proposition and focus for policy makers,academia and business communities.A good workman must sharpen his tools before he does his work well.Science and technology service industry is an important part of producer services and science and technology innovation system.It provides external source of knowledge and technical support for enterprise innovation activities by means of information technology and high and new technology.Agglomeration is a typical feature in the development process of Science and Technology services and also the basic spatial organization form of current Science and Technology services.Therefore,agglomeration of Science and Technology Services is regarded as an important means to solve technological innovation,value creation,productivity improvement and competitiveness enhancement in manufacturing industry.In this paper,combining with the reality background of the development strategy of China's innovation drive and objective facts of the development of Science and Technology services,based on the existing related literature at home and abroad,through the theory of industry associations,division of labor theory,industrial agglomeration theory,resource-based theory,spatial economics theory and the theory of attracting foreign investment,the internal influencing mechanism of Science and Technology services agglomeration promoting technology innovation in manufacturing industry is investigated respectively from the enterprise level,industry level and regional level respectively.Next,multiple dimensional measurement of location entropy,spatial Gini coefficient,economic activity density and other indicators are adopted to analyze the agglomeration level of China's Science and Technology services.Then,the influence of China's Science and Technology services agglomeration on technological innovation in manufacturing industry is systematically investigated from three levels,namely enterprise,industry and region,and the main research conclusions are as follows:Firstly,the overall trend of China's Science and Technology services agglomeration is obvious.From the perspective of economic activity density,the absolute economic activity density of China's science and technology services rise rapidly from 0.7184 people/km2 in 2003 to 1.5544 people/km2 in 2016,while the relative economic activity density of China's Science and Technology services rise steadily from 1.6002 people/km2 in 2003 to 1.7724 people/km2 in 2016.Although the agglomeration development of Science and Technology services in China has obvious characteristics,it still has the problem of insufficient agglomeration scale.Taking location entropy as an example,the overall mean value of location entropy of China's Science and Technology services in 2016 was only0.7082,and the concentration degree of Science and Technology services in most small and medium-sized cities and less developed areas was relatively low.Secondly,empirical studies at the micro level show that each unit increase in location entropy of Science and Technology services can improve the probability of manufacturing enterprises participating in technological innovation activities by22%,and improve the new products of manufacturing enterprises participating in innovation activities by 4.7%.Science and Technology services agglomeration can promote the dual marginal development of innovation of manufacturing enterprises,not only attract more manufacturing enterprises to participate in technological innovation on the margin of wide extension,but also stimulate the innovation vitality of manufacturing enterprises.In addition,it promotes the intensity of technological innovation of existing manufacturing enterprises on the edge of intensification and enhances the innovation income of manufacturing enterprises.Science and Technology services agglomeration is an important determinant of innovation decision-making and innovation performance improvement of manufacturing enterprises.Thirdly,the empirical research at the industry level shows that Science and Technology services agglomeration significantly promotes the technological innovation in the subdivided industries of manufacturing industry,but the effect is less than the internal R&D of manufacturing industry,which answers the question of endogenous innovation or exogenous innovation is more effective to some extent.The analysis of the regulating role of absorption capacity shows that the innovation role of Science and Technology services agglomeration needs the manufacturing industry to have some internal R&D strength,and only by strengthening the internal R&D accumulation can fully absorb the advanced knowledge and technology contained in the intermediate products of Science and Technology service,the innovation energy of Science and Technology services agglomeration can be truly released and played.The manufacturing industry needs to coordinate internal and external innovation inputs,give full play to the synergistic promoting effect of various innovation inputs,and realize the full utilization of internal and external innovation resources.Based on the division of manufacturing factor intensity,the innovation promotion effect of Science and Technology services agglomeration is mainly reflected in the capital-intensive and technology-intensive manufacturing industries,but has little impact on the technological innovation of labor-intensive manufacturing industries.Based on the classification of agglomeration types,the R&D agglomeration in Science and Technology services fails to promote the technological innovation of manufacturing industry,while the diffusion agglomeration in Science and Technology services significantly promotes the technological innovation of manufacturing industry.China has not yet formed a Science and Technology service system covering the whole industrial chain of manufacturing industry.Based on the mediating effect model,it is proved that the science and technology services agglomeration can play an active role in the technological innovation of manufacturing industry through the supply and demand of intermediate goods.Fourthly,the empirical research at the regional level shows that the innovation promotion effect of Science and Technology services agglomeration is particularly obvious in large cities and cities with high administrative levels.Based on the study of time effect,the positive influence of Science and Technology services agglomeration on the technological innovation of manufacturing industry not only manifests in the current period,but also has long-term and sustainable characteristics,which will help promote the sustainable innovation and upgrading of manufacturing industry.The study of nonlinear relation shows that only when the agglomeration scale of Science and Technology services exceeding a certain critical value can it promote the technological innovation of manufacturing industry.Fifthly,the influence mechanism test at the regional level shows that Science and Technology services agglomeration can indirectly promote the technological innovation of manufacturing industry by improving the specialization division of labor,promoting the knowledge spillover,attracting foreign direct investment and releasing the spatial spillover effect,so as to realize the high-quality development of manufacturing industry.Based on the mediating effect model and the Spatial Durbin Model,the indirect influence mechanism of Science and Technology services agglomeration on the technological innovation of manufacturing industry is proved.Sixthly,Science and Technology services agglomeration has significant positive spatial correlation.The analysis of spatial spillover effect shows that Science and Technology services agglomeration not only promotes the technological innovation of local manufacturing industry,but also produces spatial spillover effect on surrounding areas and adjacent areas.There are certain geographical boundaries and significant spatial attenuation characteristics.Within the distance threshold of 650 km,the spatial spillover effect of Science and Technology services agglomeration on the innovation and development of manufacturing industry is the strongest.The farthest spatial spillover boundary of Science and Technology services agglomeration is 875 km,and the spatial spillover effect of Science and Technology services agglomeration is not obvious beyond the distance threshold of 875 km.In summary,this paper takes the theoretical and empirical research on Science and Technology services agglomeration and technological innovation in manufacturing industry as the theme,and the main innovation points are reflected in the following aspects:Firstly,this paper expands the research perspective of the driving factors of technological innovation in manufacturing industry.Existing research has not yet been fully realized that Science and Technology services are likely to play a positive role to improve innovation performance in manufacturing industry.This thesis emphasizes the new type of external innovation of Science and Technology services,broadens the improving path of innovation ability in manufacturing industry,enriches innovation resources for manufacturing industry,introduces a new train of thought as China's manufacturing technology innovation power shortage and weak ability,and also expands the research perspective of the driving factors of technological innovation in manufacturing industry.Secondly,this paper summarizes the direct influence mechanism of Science and Technology services agglomeration on the technological innovation of manufacturing enterprises,empirically tests the influence of Science and Technology services agglomeration on the probability and intensity of technological innovation of manufacturing enterprises,and verifies the existence of the direct influence mechanism at the enterprise level.The research results show that the higher degree of Science and Technology services agglomeration,the more motivated manufacturing enterprises are to engage in R&D and innovation activities,and the more capable they are to develop and launch new products.The existing literature on Science and Technology services mainly focuses on national,provincial and other macro levels,but there is no literature on the impact of Science and Technology services agglomeration on the technological innovation of manufacturing enterprises.Therefore,on the basis of theoretical analysis,this paper further combines Science and Technology services agglomeration with the technological innovation of manufacturing enterprises.Using the world bank in 2012 China enterprise survey database empirically researches the influence of Science and Technology services agglomeration on technological innovation of manufacturing enterprise,make up research gap for the service innovation of Science and Technology in the field of micro enterprises,complete innovation motivation theory of manufacturing enterprise,provide microscopic evidence of Science and Technology services innovation.The research findings are helpful for manufacturing enterprises to learn to obtain scarce innovation resources from external subjects such as Science and Technology service enterprises to alleviate their own shortage of resources and ability and improve the possibility of successful innovation.Moreover,it also plays an important role in the innovation management practice of manufacturing enterprises,which needs to pay attention to the cooperation and communication with Science and Technology service enterprises in the innovation practice.Thirdly,it summarizes the direct mechanism of Science and Technology services agglomeration to promote the technological innovation of manufacturing industry,and empirically tests the theoretical inferences with the data of manufacturing industry segments.At the level of industry,Science and Technology services agglomeration and the internal R&D of manufacturing industry are integrated into the framework of knowledge production function analysis,so as to investigate the innovation-driven effect of Science and Technology services agglomeration and compare the innovation contribution with the internal R&D of manufacturing industry.In addition,combined with the absorption capacity theory,this paper studies the regulating effect of internal R&D of manufacturing industry on the agglomeration and innovation driving effect of Science and Technology services.The existing literature empirical studies mostly focus on the national and provincial levels,but have not yet paid attention to the innovation effect of Science and Technology services agglomeration at the industrial level,have failed to discuss the comparison with the innovation contribution of the internal R&D of manufacturing industry,and how to deal with the relationship between endogenous innovation and exogenous innovation.Empirical study of Science and Technology services agglomeration on technical innovation of manufacturing industry segment is beneficial to make up the research gap,allocate innovation resources,give full play to collaborative role of various innovation inputs,implement the efficient use of internal and external resources,which has strong practical guiding value.Fourthly,the indirect mechanism of Science and Technology services agglomeration to promote the technological innovation of manufacturing industry is summarized at the regional level,and the theoretical inference is empirically tested.Current research has not focused on the indirect mechanism of Science and Technology services agglomeration to promote technological innovation in manufacturing industry.In this paper,we further study influence mechanism of Science and Technology services agglomeration on technology innovation of manufacturing industry,make up insufficient indirect mechanism of related research,deepen and understand the relationship of Science and Technology services and technology innovation of manufacturing industry,extend applicable situation of industrial agglomeration theory and technology innovation theory in China,make scientific policy of Science and Technology services agglomeration for government,strengthen Science and Technology services division of space,dredge transmission mechanism of Science and Technology services agglomeration,which provides important guidance and experience for reference. |
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