| As one of the important regions and types of urban shrinkage and evolution in China in recent years,the shrinkage of small towns in metropolitan areas is a new phenomenon in China’s new urbanization,and it has also become an important issue in the field of urban-rural governance in metropolitan areas.The conceptual system of urban shrinkage that was born in Western countries does not completely correspond to the actual situation in China.In the current construction of the urban shrinkage research system,it is necessary to construct a research framework for the shrinkage of small towns in metropolitan areas with the characteristics of China’s urbanization development.Among them,the systematic identification of the connotation,characteristics and actual representations of the shrinkage of small towns in metropolitan areas is the primary problem,and it is also the focus and difficulty of the research.In recent years,with the development of China’s metropolitan areas,partial adjustments and shrinkage have created opportunities and freed up space for the optimization of regional element aggregation,industrial transformation and upgrading,and space compaction reconstruction.However,it is undeniable and undeniable that the shrinkage of some small towns has also caused structural changes in local regional spaces,and its negative effects have even led to partial collapse of functions,and also blocked the smooth flow of regional elements in some small towns,and accompanied by Problems such as the waste of idle resources.In the existing research on urban shrinkage,there is little systematic attention to the complexity of the shrinkage of small towns in metropolitan areas,and there is also a lack of systematic identification research on its connotation and characterization.How to systematically identify the shrinkage of small towns in metropolitan areas through scientific and reasonable quantitative techniques,scientifically express the shrinking pattern and the trend and law of element flow,and then translate it into guiding the population migration and reorganization of regional urbanization,the optimization of the urban system,and The important basis for the management and control of land and space planning is an important issue that may affect the integrated urban-rural development of metropolitan areas,and is of great significance to promoting the high-quality urban-rural development of metropolitan areas.This paper focuses on the identification and response to the shrinkage of small towns in metropolitan areas,and conducts research on the performance and connotation of the shrinkage of small towns in metropolitan areas,identification schemes,feature analysis,cause explanations,and related coping strategies.(1)The article first summarizes the performance and connotation of the shrinkage of small towns in China’s metropolitan areas.Based on a large number of field surveys and data collation,it is found that the shrinkage of small towns in metropolitan areas is characterized by a decrease in the total permanent population and a population structure of women and children in the demographic dimension;in the economic dimension,it is characterized by an increase in enterprises with difficulty in operating and a reduction in the vitality of business transactions;The above is characterized by more production space wasted and living space idle.Compared with other types of contraction,the contraction of small towns in metropolitan areas has complex dynamic connotations of content and group structure connotations of relationships: contraction includes three "content dimensions" of population,economy and land use,and two small towns and townships.The "spatial scale" is manifested as a dynamic and continuous outflow behavior of resource elements,which has the tendency of group agglomeration and the characteristics of multi-faceted competition and cooperation.The contraction will produce a positive effect that promotes the refined division of labor in small towns in the region,and a negative effect that leads to a lack of sustained growth momentum in individual small towns.(2)The second part of the article formulated a multi-method combination of small town shrinkage quantitative identification program.Based on the principle of multi-dimensional and reliable data applicable to the development of small towns in metropolitan areas and the feasibility of its measurement,the paper selects related index measurement methods based on government statistical data,geographic landscape analysis methods based on luminous remote sensing data,and survey data based on survey data.Geospatial measurement method for identification.In the application of the three methods for shrinkage identification,the identification results based on the population shrinkage of the towns and towns under the relevant index measurement method are formulated,and the comprehensive shrinkage of the towns and towns under the geographic landscape analysis method is the auxiliary identification result.The space measurement method is used as the identification scheme of the inspection method.Among them,at the township level of small towns,it is the intersection of the relevant index measurement method and the town shrinkage recognition result of the geographic landscape analysis method;at the township level of small towns,the measurement method of the relevant indicators after the verification of the geospatial measurement method is combined with the geographical landscape analysis method.The township shrinkage recognition results of the landscape analysis method take the union.(3)The third part of the article analyzes the overall characteristics of the shrinkage of small towns in the Wuhan metropolitan area.The identification results show that in the total of 203 small towns in the Wuhan metropolitan area from 2014 to 2019,49 small towns have contracted,accounting for 24.14% of the total number of small towns;51small towns have contracted,accounting for the total Of 25.12%.The shrinking small towns have marginal characteristics,that is,they are concentrated in the fringe areas of the southwest and southeast of the metropolitan area;and they have significant contiguous spatial agglomeration characteristics(the formation of five small towns shrinking concentrated areas).These areas are marked by the "wedge shape" is embedded in the "fingers" formed by small growth towns.Different from other types of urban contraction,the contraction of small towns in metropolitan areas is an unbalanced contraction under coordinated and differentiated development;it is also a passive dependent contraction of small towns under the action of the central city’s siphon.Combining the coupling relationship between township and town district development,these shrinking small towns can be grouped into three types: decline,adjustment,and promotion.The shrinkage of small towns in decline belongs to the irreversible overall contraction of urban and rural areas,and contraction is the main reason.Inevitable trend;the contraction of small adjustment-oriented towns is a temporary contraction in the face of development difficulties,and the contraction is needed for its development opportunities and power accumulation;the contraction of the promotion-oriented small towns is essentially a benign contraction of the nearby urbanization process,and the contraction is the whole metabolism and active removal of the old and the new behavior.(4)The fourth part of the article explains the causes of the shrinkage of small towns in the Wuhan metropolitan area.According to related theories,shrinkage is an "exit" strategy made by small towns in the internal game of metropolitan areas,and it is also the result of the differentiation and development of small towns brought about by the selective flow and optimal allocation of resource elements,the differential distribution of development rights and individual adaptation.It has contributed to the unbalanced shrinkage of small towns,and the shrinkage of small towns in metropolitan areas is a general trend that adapts to the development of regional integration.The enlightenment of the theoretical explanation is that shrinkage is the behavior and result of individuals in small towns adapting to the regional environment.Based on this,at the level of regional environment,the connotation and rhythm of contraction of small towns are influenced through the strategic arrangement of regionalization of development rights.Among them,economic and industrial factors affect the shrinkage of small towns through the development type and distribution structure of regional industries;spatial pattern factors affect the shrinkage of small towns through the relationship with the regional development axis and core growth pole;functional vitality factors are created by the vitality of regional economic and social functions The external atmosphere affects the shrinkage of small towns.At the individual level of shrinking small towns,the shrinking trend and shrinking results are induced based on self-adaptation to regional development rights.Among them,the combined effect of resource depletion,constraints and marginal ignorance induces the shrinkage of trend-oriented small towns;industrial adjustment and social adjustment factors induce the shrinkage of adjustment-type small towns;function complex and scale agglomeration factors induce the shrinkage of elevated small towns.(5)The fifth part of the article proposes a planning strategy to deal with the shrinkage of small towns in the Wuhan metropolitan area,in order to strengthen the positive effects of shrinkage and eliminate the adverse effects of shrinkage.From the perspective of the entire metropolitan area,in terms of economic industry,construct and cultivate a futuristic industrial system suitable for small towns in metropolitan areas,comprehensively promote the industrial division,collaboration and linkage with central cities,and plan small businesses based on regional industrial development corridors.Urban industrial clusters.In terms of the spatial pattern,on the basis of appropriately supporting the shrinking small towns that affect the coordinated development of the region,and promoting the continuation and smoothness of the regional development corridors,construct the urban system pattern for the unbalanced development of small towns across the metropolitan area,and guide the differentiation and coordination of small towns Co-progress and scientific development.In terms of functional vitality,take advantage of the mobile Internet,the Internet of Things and modern logistics technology to accelerate the networked flow of resources in small towns;build alliances for the development of small towns in metropolitan areas to promote comprehensive competition and cooperation in small towns;establish rural community development companies to improve small towns Comprehensive urban development capacity.From the perspective of the individual level of shrinking small towns,upgrading shrinking small towns should consolidate benign shrinkage and implement upgrades and expansions—strengthening township construction,amplifying the agglomeration effect of townships,and accelerating the urbanization of farmers nearby;industrial development,expansion,and quality,To improve the living environment and increase the absorption and carrying capacity of the population.Adjusting shrinking small towns should take contraction as an opportunity to implement transformation and upgrading-changing the value orientation of growth and development,intensive use of land,clarifying elements,retreat and replacement;comprehensively promoting industrial transformation and upgrading,and revitalizing idle and abandoned living and industrial spaces.Declining shrinking small towns should follow the shrinking trend and implement shrewd shrinkage—encourage the continued outflow of resource elements,actively carry out space resource reduction and intensification;moderately reduce the township size and implement compact and refined transformations to build characteristic small towns. |
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