| Under the joint action of globalization and pluralistic political and economic patterns,urban shrinkage has gradually become a common phenomenon faced by all countries in the world.While bringing recession risks to the development of cities and regions,it also presents new development opportunities.Different from other countries,China is still in the stage of rapid urbanization,and the phenomenon of overall urban shrinkage is not widespread.The phenomenon of partial urban shrinkage represented by the shrinkage of small towns has become more common and become an important part of the discourse system of urban shrinkage in China.Although the shrinking of small towns is a large part of the urban shrinkage,the differences in population,space and economic industry between small towns and cities lead to more differences in characteristics between small towns shrinkage and city shrinkage.As a key node of "undertaking cities and serving villages" in China’s urban system,small towns are also important spatial carriers for realizing local urbanization in rural areas.In the process of urban and rural areas as a whole and healthy development of the regional,small towns as the key link in the urban system,its development will be able to comply with the regional development rule,satisfy their own development demand,accord with country and city development needs,not only relates to the health of small towns development and sustainable,more related to the regional urban and rural areas as a whole and healthy urbanization goal implementation is efficient and feasible.In the process of rapid urbanization in China,the development of small towns has undergone remarkable changes,especially for small towns in metropolitan areas.Under the influence of the polarization and diffusion effect of urban growth poles and the change of internal development dynamics of small towns,resource elements flow across levels.In the process of the development of small towns,the population decrease,space contraction and function differentiation are the main manifestations of the shrinking phenomenon.Although it is reasonable and inevitable for small towns to shrink,it is also passive and negative to the external environment and their own development.It is difficult to eliminate the inadaptability in the process of shrinking of small towns through the self-regulation of small towns.At present,the shrinking of some small towns in metropolitan areas has resulted in the low efficiency of resource allocation,economic development and public service allocation in small towns and the whole region.The lack of understanding of the shrinking phenomenon in small towns will cause the development direction,decision-making orientation and resource allocation of small towns to be inaccurate and biased,affecting the healthy development of regional towns.Therefore,it is the key to realize the healthy and efficient development of metropolitan areas and to build a stable and healthy urban system by sorting out the characteristics and performance of small towns’ shrinkage,understanding the internal mechanism of small towns’ shrinkage and its impact on their own development and regional development,and guiding small towns to find a development path that fits their own development conditions and complies with the regional industrial division and transformation trend through reasonable means.This research focuses on the performance of small town shrinkage in three aspects: factor,function and capacity,and carries out a systematic study on the performance characteristics,theoretical analysis,model evaluation and empirical feedback of small town shrinkage in metropolitan areas.(1)This paper first summarizes the characteristics of the development and change of small towns in metropolitan areas.Through a diachronic analysis of the development and change process of small towns in metropolitan areas,it is found that in the development and change process of small towns in metropolitan areas,the free flow of resource elements in the complex urban network system leads to the coexistence of contraction and growth of small towns in metropolitan areas.The directional agglomeration of industrial industry to the park leads to the gradual decrease of the number of township enterprises in some small towns.The structural imbalance between supply and demand of small towns in metropolitan areas also leads to the weakening of some functions of small towns.Through the development and change of small towns in the metropolitan areas of features can be seen that as the change of external environment and internal development power shift,small towns in the metropolitan areas in terms of population,space,economy showed a contraction.(2)In view of the shrinking trend of small towns in the process of development and change,the second part of the paper focuses on the phenomenology,mainly analyzes the external performance of small towns in metropolitan areas.Metropolitan studies have found that there is correlation between small town and city shrinkage and diversity,at the same time,due to the imbalance of the development of small towns led to a shrinkage of small towns there are unbalanced characteristics,and the functions of small towns in the metropolitan areas of special also shrink small towns there are characteristic of the recessive and dominant.Therefore,combining with the original meaning of the concept of "shrinkage" and the law of the development and change of small towns,it can be found that the shrinkage of small towns in metropolitan areas is mainly manifested in three aspects: factor shrinkage,function shrinkage and capacity shrinkage.Among them,the factor shrinkage is mainly manifested in three aspects: the decrease of the total population and amphibious migration,the decrease of the total amount of construction land and the accumulation of space,the decrease of employment and the lack of development of secondary and tertiary industries.The function shrinkage is mainly manifested in the weakening of the function of small towns,the disintegration of the relationship between towns and rural,and the differentiation and transfer of the function of towns within the scope of towns.The capacity shrinkage is manifested in the decrease of the small town space capacity,the decrease of the facility richness and the decrease of the traffic openness.(3)Based on the identification of small town shrinkage characteristics in metropolitan area,the third part of the paper mainly analyzes the connotation and causes of small town shrinkage from the theory of complex adaptive system.The research shows that the shrinkage of small towns in metropolitan areas is the adaptive behavior of small towns under the joint action of "external factors" and "internal factors".Through the construction of the "stimulus-response" theoretical model and the "echo model" explained by the overall macro theory,it can be concluded that the contraction of small towns in metropolitan areas is the manifestation of the "adaptive" behavior of small towns system.Among them,the adaptability of various micro-subjects in small towns leads to the diversity of shrinkage,the transition of resource elements in and between the system leads to the nonequilibrium of shrinkage,and the time delay of the adaptability of small towns leads to the risk and uncertainty of shrinkage.Therefore,"adaptability" is not only the internal mechanism of small town shrinkage but also the ultimate goal of small town shrinkage.The ultimate goal of small town shrinkage in metropolitan areas is also to improve their adaptability.Only the small towns with strong adaptability can have the characteristics and trend of development and change.(4)In the fourth part,the model construction and quantitative measurement are carried out for the "adaptability ability" of the shrinking small towns.The application of NK model can transform the "adaptability" in the theory of complex adaptive system into the "fitness" index for quantitative measurement.Therefore,in the fourth part of this paper,the small towns with shrinkage phenomenon in Wuhan city are taken as examples to evaluate the adaptability of small towns with shrinkage,and reveal the adaptability characteristics and influences of small towns with shrinkage in different types of fitness combinations.Finally,it is found that there are high,medium and low differences in the adaptability of small towns with different combination types of adaptability,and there are also differences in the future development path choice of small towns with different adaptability due to the differences in the adaptive subjects.(5)The fifth part of this paper is based on the quantitative measurement and empirical feedback.Through contraction in small complex adaptive system theory to explain and the adaptability level evaluation of shrinkage of small towns,according to different fitness combination types of shrinkage of small towns in high,medium and low three kinds of guidance strategies put forward specific planning of small towns,in order to maintain the healthy development of small towns,stability and optimize its functions in the metropolitan areas urban and rural development to provide protection. |
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