Research Of Transport And Land Use Integration In The Attraction Area Of Urban Rail Transit Stations

Integrated planning of transport system and land use system fundamentally adjusts travel demand,relieve traffic congestion and protect environment via coordinating infrastructure construction and land use.However,traditional integrated planning theory almost focuses on road traffic system and mainly serves private vehicle users.Most studies are conducted from the perspective of urban macroscopic level,but there is a lack of in-depth research on the integrated planning of transport and land use in the attraction area of urban rail transit stations.The mechanism and characteristics of travelers’choice behavior,the integrated station selection law of P&R and TOD,the integrated evaluation and coordinated development are important references for the integrated planning of transport and land use in the attraction area of urban rail transit stations.A better grasp of travel mechanism,station selection laws and evaluation characteristics have significant effects and significance on guiding rational urban land development and improving effect of urban transit system at both theoretical and practical levels.The mechanism and characteristics of travelers’travel choice behavior are the basis for accurately analyzing and carrying out the research on passengers’travel demand,the integrated candidate station selection of P&R and TOD,the integrated evaluation and coordinated development in the attraction area.Firstly,the dissertation summarized two common integrated schemes:P&R and TOD.A mixed logit model of passengers’transferring travel behavior and a theoretical model of decision field considering potential heterogeneity were established,which combined the merits of discrete choice theory and decision field theory,took the individual heterogeneity into account,improved the simulation analysis effect and parameter estimation ability.The combined travel mode of transferring transit and the single travel mode were considered,so as to have a more comprehensive understanding of travel characteristics of residents and better fit the realistic scenes.Further considering the latent variables and individual heterogeneity,a latent class logit model of P&R mode transferring transit was established,which realized the classification of P&R users,improved the model’s fit goodness and explanatory ability.Based on the previous P&R system research,this dissertation explored the influencing factors of parking service link,transit service link and travel information provision link within the scope of P&R facilities.At the same time,a latent class logit model of passengers’transferring mode in TOD community was established,which considered the number of intersections,the level of walking/cycling lanes and other factors related to community transportation comprehensively.The influence of key community attributes on residents was refined.The comparability of attributes was improved and the simulation efficiency reduction problem was avoided due to many attributes.The mixed logit model,latent class logit model and decision field model were complementary to each other,which increased the comparability of models’effects and better reflected the adaptability under different scenarios.Representative P&R parking lots and TOD communities in the attraction area of urban rail transit stations were selected to carry out RP/SP survey,data check and verification,transferring characteristics analysis,model calibration and simulation furtherly.Findings showed that:in the attraction area,the proportion of passengers who chose non-motorized traffic+transit was more common.The distance between home and rail transit station would affect the choice of transferring transit mode significantly.The travel distance has no significant effect on the choice of transferring transit mode.The impact of energy conservation and environmental protection consciousness on the private vehicle users was mainly reflected in travel purpose.Under the commuting mode,passengers could be divided into business demand subgroup,efficiency demand subgroup,economy-preference subgroup and conservative subgroup.Based on the passengers’travel analysis under P&R mode,the following findings could be found:medium/long distance travel,commuting travel,leisure and recreational travel accounted for high proportion.Private business passengers were an important potential target for P&R mode.The biggest tolerance P&R facility parking fee and walking transferring time mainly concentrated within 12 yuan and 8 minutes respectively.According to individual social and economic attributes,P&R users could be divided into"time-cost sensitive"type and"parking factor concerned"type.Combined with the travel characteristics of passengers in TOD community:walking,cycling and community bus were the main ways to transferring transit in TOD community.The maximum tolerance walking distance and walking time were within 1000 meters and 10 minutes respectively.The scope of TOD community service could be expanded from a radius of 800 meters to 1000 meters.According to individual social and economic attributes,passengers in TOD community could be divided into“non-motorized traffic dependent”type and“comfortable and secure”type.According to the concept,service scope,function of P&R and TOD defined and discussed in this dissertation,as well as calibration results of logit models and analysis results of selective branch attributes,the traffic analysis zones containing rail transit stations were divided into transit station areas and auto-oriented zones.In this dissertation,the accessibility quantitative model,household residential relocation demand model and generation-distribution joint model were integrated and designed to better describe the complex interaction between transport system and land use system in the attraction area.A bi-level programming model of integrated location of P&R and TOD was established,where the upper level was 0-1 integrated programming model,simulating governmental land use decision-making behavior with the objectives of maximizing metro patronage,minimizing vehicle kilometers traveled and vehicle hours of delay.The lower level was the comprehensive traffic network equilibrium model,simulating residents’travel behavior living in the attraction area of rail transit stations,assigning passenger flow on the network and feedback to upper level.The quantitative analysis and coordinated development of P&R and TOD were carried out under the same framework of transport and land use,which effectively avoided the separation of planning scheme from reality.The overall framework and upper level were implemented by Python language and the user equilibrium was implemented by C++language.A hypothetical scenario was designed to quantitatively analyze the effects of different station land use decisions(P&R and TOD)and different parameters(regional population density and regional job density)on increasing metro patronage,reducing vehicle kilometers traveled and vehicle hours of delay based on sensitivity analysis method.The integrated location model and solving algorithm proposed in this dissertation were also applied to actual comprehensive traffic network,which could simulate the implementation impact of different station land use schemes on urban comprehensive traffic system.The applicability and feasibility of models and algorithm on large scale network were also verified,avoiding the disconnection problem between theoretical research and practical planning effectively.This dissertation further considered the evaluation of joint development level of P&R and TOD and coordination relationship between transport and land use in the attraction area of urban rail transit stations.Under the joint development background,the gradual commercial development was introduced within P&R facilities and the P&R demand was considered in TOD community.This dissertation built the evaluation index system from P&R and TOD dimensions,where P&R dimension could be subdivided into P&R facility service level and rail transit service level,TOD dimension could be subdivided into density index,diversity index and refinement index,reflecting the joint development level systematically and synthetically(24 detailed indexes in total).Comprehensive weight model and three types of combined evaluation models(AHP model,FCE model and GRA model based on comprehensive weight)were established.The three combined evaluation models had higher accuracy and were mutually complementary in the sorting results.Field survey,API interface,QGIS software and other methods were added to obtain P&R and TOD characteristic dataset of rail transit stations,which ensured the accuracy,integrity,richness and novelty.Four kinds of rail transit stations(A-class,B-class,C-class and D-class)were classified.New/old city distribution law,geographical distribution law,community environmental features,convenience feature,comfort features and vitality features in the attraction area were summarized.The results showed that in the typical ring+radial urban structure,the distribution of four kinds of integrated development level was basically along the circle structure from inside to outside,which was closely related to the spatial form and development strategy.The four community features near rail transit stations also changed in the negative correlation direction with the distribution characteristics and regions of four types of stations.The integrated evaluation index system could be further expanded to be coordination relationship between transport system and land use system in the attraction area of urban rail transit stations.The evaluation index system of coordination relationship between transport system and land use system in the attraction area was established at the micro station level.The dissertation combed the idea of coordinated development evaluation method,selected the transport system and land system in the attraction area as decision units at the micro station level and established the~2model with non-Archimedic infinitesimal.There was no need to assign the weight of evaluation indexes artificially in this model,which greatly improved the accuracy of coordinated evaluation results.Chengdu was selected as one representative megacity and in accordance with the construction principle of space dimension index system.Combined with the coordination analysis and evaluation model,the coordination indexes of between transport system and land use system in the attraction area under different evaluation index systems were obtained,as well as the analysis indexes reflecting the influence degree on the coordination development index of each decision-making unit.Rail transit stations were further divided into inter-coordination type,land-to-transport coordination type,transport-to-land coordination type and non-coordination type.The geographical location distribution,development level experience and suggestions on strategy optimization of four types of rail transit stations were summarized,providing guidance and reference for the integrated planning of transport and land use in the attraction area of urban rail transit stations.