Evidence-based Design Of Attention Restoration Space On University Campuses In Winter Cities

The mental health problems of university students can not be ignored,which leads to brain fatigue,lack of concentration,long reaction time,dizziness,etc.,and even will affect students’ mental and physical health.University students are taken for granted as healthy groups,so there are few specific restorative environments for them.As a necessary space for students’ daily life and study,university campuses should also promote the recovery effect of a healthy environment.However,university campuses in Winter Cities face many challenges in creating a restorative environment.Winter Cities have unique climatic attributes,long and cold winter,up to half a year,and lack of green plant landscape,which seriously affects people’s demand for outdoor activities and contact with nature.Previous research on the green landscape is not suitable for the winter period.At present,the exploration of the restorative design elements for university campuses is not comprehensive,especially lacking quantitative data for the attention recovery potential of the winter environment.So it is urgent to explore the design factors of the attention restoration space on university campuses in Winter Cities.Given the lack of creating a specific space to promote mental health in the campus construction of domestic universities,this study takes the attention fatigue of college students as the starting point and constructs systematic evidence-based design research on attention recovery space.Through field investigation,questionnaire survey,control experiment,and other empirical research methods,we provide support with evidence for the impact factors of attention restoration space design.This research followed the steps of the evidence-based research route with the "evidence exploration-evidence analysisevidence feedback-results summary".First,in the evidence exploration part,this chapter explained the relevant theories of the restorative environment,the evaluation methods of the environmental restorative characteristics,and the measurement tool of the attention recovery effect.Through the preliminary investigation of the campus of universities in Winter Cities,this study selected the sample campus and summarized the spatial model of the campus and the main problems faced in the restorative space design.At the same time,based on the particularity of the climate environment of the university campus in Winter Cities,this study distinguished the dominant seasonal characteristics of the non-winter and winter period,deconstructed the design impact factors,and constructed an overall evidencebased thinking framework focus on the environmental characteristics in Winter Cities,which lays a foundation for the subsequent analysis.Secondly,in the evidence analysis part,aiming at the non-winter environment,this chapter investigated the environmental preference,spatial type,and perceptual factors of attention restoration space design,and established the interactive relationship model between spatial types and main perceptual factors through the CATREG model.For the specificity of the winter environment,the study compared different scenes of daily winter environments and special snow and ice landscape respectively from the effectiveness of attention recovery,environmental recovery characteristics,and recovery level of individual participants.Laws of recovery effect are obtained for different environments,as well as design factors affecting the attention recovery potential.This part provides an evidence-based quantitative basis for the design of the attention restoration space.Thirdly,in the evidence feedback part,for the non-winter impact factors,this chapter re-verified the perceptual factors through the expert evaluation method.This study obtained the weight of the major perceptual factors which could be widely applied with the comprehensive evaluation results of experts and students and established a recovery potential evaluation model.At the same time,through the research feedback of the practice of campus cases,this study obtained the spatial design characteristics of the nonwinter season and the design characteristics of ice and snow landscape respectively.This part forms a better design basis to provide feasible guidance for the design of attention restoration space.Finally,in the results summary part,based on the evidence-based design line of evidence exploration,analysis and feedback,this chapter summarized the impact factors of attention restoration space design and proposed the design strategies from general and specific focused on the uniqueness in Winter Cities.One is the comprehensive design path for spatial influence factors;the second is the plant construction path for winter landscape;the third is the restorative design optimization path for the special ice and snow landscape.This research identifies the impact factors suitable for the attention restoration space design on university campuses in Winter Cities in China and constructs a quantitative analysis model.The effects of attention recovery of the winter environments are verified,which provides an empirical basis for the restorative environment design in Winter Cities.The design strategy could provide feasibility guidance for the construction,reconstruction,or local optimization of various relaxation spaces on campus,and provides the evidencebased basis for designers and researchers based on user’s attention recovery.