The Influence Of Air Cargo Network On Regional Economy

Geographical spatial isolation is one of the important reasons why some regions are economically backward and gradually marginalized.Transportation infrastructure can break the barriers in geographical space,and promote the flow of various production factors by improving accessibility and reducing transportation costs,thereby improving production efficiency,promoting industrial agglomeration and economic and social development.As an important part of transportation,air transport contributes about 4.5%of the global economic output every year,and air cargo is called "the engine of economic growth".However,my country’s air cargo has long adhered to the principle of "cargo follows passengers".The routes are usually determined according to the passenger demand,which cannot fully cover the cargo demand.There are few all-cargo aircraft and insufficient cargo capacity,resulting in the air cargo market,especially the international air cargo market.The occupation of foreign airlines cannot give full play to its role in promoting the regional economy,nor can it provide effective support for my country’s high-quality development.In recent years,the rapid opening of my country’s high-speed rail network has caused a great impact on air cargo.From an intuitive point of view,the opening of high-speed rail only has a serious impact on the air passenger network,but because 2/3 of my country’s air cargo relies on passenger aircraft belly transport Therefore,while the high-speed rail has an impact on the air passenger network,it will also have a greater impact on my country’s air cargo network.So based on this,the economics question studied in this paper is what kind of spatiotemporal structure characteristics does my country’s air cargo network currently have? How did the air cargo network theoretically evolve? In the context of the opening of high-speed rail,how will the air cargo network structure be adjusted? What is the mechanism of air cargo network’s effect on regional economic growth? Quantitatively,in the context of the opening of high-speed rail,will the air cargo network cause agglomeration economies in different regions and cities at different levels? What is the impact of the air cargo network on the regional economy? How deep is the impact?Based on the special technical and economic characteristics of air cargo and its network,and with the opening of high-speed rail as the background,based on regional economic theory,agglomeration and diffusion theory and complex network theory,this paper constructs a theoretical framework for the impact of air cargo network on regional economy,and gives The specific conduction path,and based on the theoretical framework,the air cargo network is measured from three aspects: line point rate,average path length and agglomeration coefficient.The multi-phase PSM-DID model is used to empirically analyze its impact on secondary industry agglomeration,high-tech main research contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)At present,my country’s air cargo network presents an obvious small-world network feature.The line point rate of domestic and international air cargo networks has steadily increased,and the network has shown a trend of continuous expansion;the average path length of the international air cargo network is greater than that of the domestic air cargo network,namely The transportation efficiency of domestic air cargo network is higher than that of international air cargo network;Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou air cargo network has a high degree of conglomeration,and the cities are closely connected,and cargo transportation is frequent.,usually only connected to the hub airport,the overall level of the network is obvious.There is no professional cargo airport in my country,the number of all-cargo aircraft is small,and the proportion of large-capacity all-cargo aircraft is low,and the proportion of belly cargo is high.In short,although my country is the second largest air cargo market in the world,its cargo capacity is still far behind that of the United States.(2)Theoretically,the air cargo network will gradually evolve from the initial point-topoint type to the hub-and-spoke type.At this time,the goods will be uniformly distributed at the hub airport and then delivered to the destination.The hub-and-spoke air cargo network will pass through.Economies of scale,scope and density reduce the average transportation cost per unit.When the high-speed rail is opened,the air cargo network that has evolved will be adjusted together with the passenger network due to the special mode of belly transport.Air network operators will cancel short-haul cargo routes and reopen long-distance and international cargo routes.The theory of this paper Both the derivation and the real situation verify this.(3)The air cargo network affects the regional economy through two paths.First,the investment in the construction of nodes(airports)in the air cargo network will directly affect the regional economic growth through the multiplier effect;secondly,the air cargo network will promote the flow of advanced production factors due to its special technical and economic characteristics.Long-distance and international cargo routes increase,market scope expands,and specialized division of labor deepens.At this time,agglomeration economies will emerge.From a spatial point of view,industries will gradually agglomerate in the area where the hub airport is located.From a time point of view,aviation directionality and time direction High-tech industries such as develop in an orderly manner,and industries in the area where the hub airport is located will gradually transform from traditional industries to high-tech industries and high valueadded industries,promoting high-quality economic growth in the region.However,when the agglomeration economy of hub cities reaches a certain level,its negative externalities will appear.Advanced production factors will flow to non-hub cities along the air cargo network,and some industries will spread to them.Economic disparities are reduced.(4)This paper introduces the complex network theory,and measures the air cargo network by line point rate,average path length and agglomeration coefficient.Based on the theoretical framework constructed in the previous chapter,it empirically studies the impact of its different characteristics on the agglomeration economy in the context of the opening of high-speed rail.,considering that this paper studies the freight network,it mainly focuses on the agglomeration of the secondary industry;because the air freight network will promote the flow of advanced production factors and cause the agglomeration of high-tech industries such as aviation directionality and time directionality,the air freight network is studied in depth.The impact of different characteristics on the agglomeration of high-tech industries;at this time,the difficulty arises.Since 2/3 of China’s air cargo is transported through the belly of passenger aircraft,and the air cargo network and the air passenger network are greatly overlapped,then the results obtained in the first two steps are aviation.It is difficult to distinguish between the freight network and the highly overlapping air passenger network.Therefore,in the third step,the air freight volume is used to eliminate the interference of the air passenger network,and the following conclusions are drawn: 1)For different regions and cities at different levels,the There are several different characteristics of the air cargo network that will affect its secondary industry agglomeration,but after eliminating the interference of the air passenger network,the secondary industry agglomeration in the eastern region is mainly caused by the domestic air cargo network,and the secondary industry agglomeration in the central and western regions.It is mainly caused by the air passenger network,and the air cargo network has little impact on it.From a hierarchical point of view,the domestic air cargo network of the hub city will have an impact on its secondary industry agglomeration,while the non-hub city is different.The secondary industry agglomeration is mainly caused by the air passenger network,and the air cargo network has little contribution;2)The high-tech industry agglomeration in the eastern region is mainly caused by the domestic air cargo network,while the high-tech industry agglomeration in the central and western regions is actually mainly caused by the It is caused by the air passenger network we excluded,and the air cargo network has less impact on it.(5)Based on the theoretical framework of the previous chapter,a model is constructed to study the impact of different characteristics of the air cargo network on the regional economy in the context of the opening of high-speed rail,and the air cargo volume is still used to eliminate the interference of the air passenger network.The conclusions are as follows: For cities at different levels,there are always some different characteristics of the air cargo network that will affect their regional economy.It will significantly promote regional economic growth.For the central region,only the domestic air cargo network will play a role in promoting regional economic growth,while the economic growth in the western region is mainly caused by the air passenger network,and the air cargo network has a greater impact on it.2)From a hierarchical point of view,the international air cargo network of hub cities will promote their economic growth,while the domestic air cargo network will not contribute much,while non-hub cities are on the contrary,their economic growth mainly depends on the domestic air cargo network,and the international air cargo network has less impact on it.Finally,according to the above research conclusions,this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions: 1)Consider the differences in different regions,and clarify the positioning of different cities in the air cargo network;2)According to the different positioning of cities,consider the impact of the air cargo network on the regional economy.3)Develop professional cargo airports and specialized air cargo equipment to enhance market competitiveness and drive regional economic growth;4)Combine airrailway transport to give full play to their respective advantages.