| The existence of electricity price cross-subsidy in China has distinct Chinese characteristics and profound historical reasons.It has important social value and practical significance for realizing universal electricity service and ensuring basic agricultural production activities.However,with the remarkable improvement of the economic level and people’s living standard,the problems of electricity price cross-subsidy are gradually emerging:First,the electricity price cross-subsidy hinders the further advancement of power system reform;Second,the electricity price cross-subsidy weakens the leverage of price;Thirdly,the cross subsidy of electricity price increases the energy consumption cost of industry and commerce,which is not conducive to the adjustment of industrial structure.In March 2015,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council promulgated "Several Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of Power System"(hereinafter referred to as "Opinions").It marks that China’s power system reform has entered a new stage.The Opinions pointed out,"Promoting the electricity price reform in an orderly manner and rationalizing the electricity price formation mechanism are the key tasks to promote the power system reform in the near future." As the key link of electricity price reform,properly handling the cross-subsidy of electricity price is an important part of deepening the reform of electric power system.Thus,how to properly handle the cross subsidy of electricity price has become the focus of the society and the government.Under the above background,this paper focuses on the formation mechanism,optimal design and impact assessment model of electricity price cross-subsidy,hoping to provide theoretical and methodological support for properly handling electricity price cross-subsidy.The research contents are as follows:(1)The related policies and basic theories of power transmission and distribution price and electricity price cross-subsidy are analyzed.The relevant policies of power transmission and distribution price and electricity price cross-subsidy are deeply analyzed.The theory of transmission and distribution price control is discussed,including cost plus control mode,price ceiling control mode and quality control mode.The cost allocation methods of transmission and distribution grid are analyzed,including stamp method,megawatt-kilometer method,tidal current tracking method and marginal costing.This paper puts forward the connotation of electricity price cross-subsidy,sorts out the types of electricity price cross-subsidy,including cross-subsidy of electricity price between different regions,cross-subsidy of electricity price between distribution grids with different voltage levels,cross-subsidy of electricity price between different types of users and between the same type of users.(2)The formation mechanism of electricity price cross-subsidy is explored.The concepts of permitted cost and permitted income of transmission and distribution grid are defined.The cost allocation model of transmission and distribution grid among different types of users with different voltage levels is established,which consists of three models.They are the cost accounting model of transmission and distribution grid of various voltage levels,the allocation model of transmission and distribution grid cost among users of different voltage levels,and the allocation model of transmission and distribution grid cost of the same voltage level among users of different types.The accounting model of the scale and degree of electricity price cross-subsidy is constructed,and the accounting method of the scale of electricity price cross-subsidy among users is put forward.The allocation model of electricity price cross-subsidy among industrial and commercial users with different voltage levels is established,and the pricing method of transmission and distribution price of industrial and commercial users considering the allocation of electricity price cross-subsidy is put forward.(3)The optimal path of electricity price cross-subsidy is designed.The necessity of electricity price cross-subsidy optimization is analyzed,and the overall optimization idea of electricity price cross-subsidy is put forward,that is,"keeping the electricity price cross-subsidy of industrial and commercial users to agricultural users,and optimizing the electricity price cross-subsidy of industrial and commercial users to residential users".For the electricity price cross-subsidy of industrial and commercial users to residential users,the optimization idea of "keep reasonable cross-subsidy of electricity price,withdraw and redistribute unreasonable cross-subsidy of electricity price" is put forward.The concept of reasonable cross-subsidy of electricity price is scientifically defined,and a reasonable calculation model of electricity price cross-subsidy is built.Considering the balance of regional development and the protection of vulnerable groups,an unreasonable redistribution path of cross-subsidy of electricity price is designed.including conventional path,transfer path and low-income class security path.(4)The influence of the electricity price cross-subsidy optimization on urban and rural residents of different income classes is evaluated.An impact assessment model of the electricity price cross-subsidy optimization to the electricity prices of residential and industrial and commercial users is established,and the impact of three cross-subsidy optimization paths on the electricity prices of residential and industrial and commercial users are quantitatively evaluated.From the two dimensions of impact index and welfare loss,this paper constructs an evaluation model of the impact of electricity price cross-subsidy optimization on urban and rural residents of different income classes and evaluates the direct impact of electricity price cross-subsidy optimization on urban and rural residents of different income classes.Based on the input-output analysis,this paper constructs a model of the influence of single commodity price change on other commodity prices,and the influence model of various commodity price changes on other commodity prices,quantitatively evaluating the indirect influence of cross-subsidy optimization of electricity price on urban and rural residents of different income classes.(5)Evaluate the impact of electricity price cross-subsidy optimization on different industries and social macro-economy.This paper introduces the concept of social accounting matrix,and advances some balancing methods of social accounting matrix,including manual method,least square method,RAS method and cross entropy method.The types of macroscopic closure of computable general equilibrium model(CGE model)are analyzed,including neoclassical closure,Keynesian closure and Lewis closure.The CGE model is established,and its basic frame structure includes production module,price module,organization module,trade module and clearing module,and the mathematical models of the above modules are constructed respectively.With CGE model,the effects of three optimization paths of electricity price cross-subsidy on different industries and social macroeconomic variables are evaluated respectively. |
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