Research On Shenzhen Urban Community Elderly Care Facility System Based On Quality Of Life Theory

Since the beginning of the 21st century,China’s aging has been deepening.With the frequent occurrence of problems in the traditional pension model,such as the weakening of the family pension function and the increase of the social pension burden,community home care has become a new pension model to cope with the aging of the country.Since the "14th Five-Year Plan",the state has put forward high requirements for "caring for the elderly".As a pilot city,Shenzhen advocates the construction of a community elderly care service facility system aimed at improving the quality of life,in order to ensure the bottom line of the elderly and promote universal elderly care services.Due to the problems of rapid aging,weak foundation for the elderly,uneven distribution of pension resources,tight land use and inverted elderly population,Shenzhen’s community elderly care facility system is still in the development stage.The content of the community elderly care facility system is not clear.The elderly care services do not meet the general needs of the elderly.The process of system development varies greatly in different communities.In addition,the existing community elderly care facility system construction planning and operation standards lack detailed guidelines and unified norms.Shenzhen’s community elderly care facility system needs to be improved and optimized urgently.In order to solve the problems of the community elderly care facility system in Shenzhen,this study uses theoretical deduction method,questionnaire survey and semistructured interview method,structural equation model,factor analysis and quality of life-community elderly care facility system satisfaction analysis method to put forward a research hypothesis,confirm that the community elderly care facility system affects the quality of life of the elderly,and find out the common problems and special problems of the community elderly facility system that lead to the low quality of life of the elderly in the community.And put forward the Shenzhen community elderly care facility system well-established and differentiated optimization strategy.Firstly,based on the theoretical model of quality of life,the research framework of "demand-behavior-supply" community elderly care facility system is constructed.Through theoretical deduction,the theoretical model of quality of life is refined and applied to the research of community elderly care facility system.This paper expounds the role relationship between demand,behavior and supply.By analyzing the elderly care needs and elderly care behaviors related to the quality of life,the content and index elements of the community elderly care facility system are proposed.In addition,according to the research framework,the requirements and deficiencies of relevant policies of the community elderly care facility system at the national and local levels are sorted out.Secondly,questionnaire research and semi-structured interview methods are used to investigate and analyze the needs and the behavior of the elderly in Shenzhen,and the current situation of the community elderly care facility system.Nine typical communities in Shenzhen are used as the scope of the study to introduce the differences in community size,location and attributes of the elderly population.According to the research framework of "demand-behavior-supply",we analyze the characteristics and differences of the demand and behavior of the elderly in Shenzhen communities.It also analyzes the current situation of community elderly care facility system in terms of functional configuration,planning layout and operation management.It is concluded that the functional configuration of the existing community elderly care facility system does not meet the needs of the elderly,the planning layout of the facilities basically meet the behavior pattern of the elderly,and the unreasonable operation management lead to the paradox of the needs and behavior.Thirdly,the structural equation model of the community elderly care facility system is constructed.Based on the quality of life theory,research framework and research hypothesis that "community elderly care facility system affects the quality of life of the elderly",this study constructs the structural equation model of the quality of life of the elderly and the community elderly care facility system.According to the World Health Organization’s quality of life brief table,the "Community Questionnaire on Quality of Life of the Elderly" and "Questionnaire for Community Elderly Facilities" are designed,and the data are collected and brought into the structural equation model for calculation.Through model testing,fitting and evaluation,the influence and weight of the functional configuration,planning layout and operation management of community elderly care facilities on the quality of life of the elderly are confirmed and obtained.The construction of the structural equation model of community elderly care facilities is completed.In addition,by introducing economic conditions as moderating variables,it is found that economic conditions can affect the influence path of the structural equation model of community elderly care facilities and affect the weight of variables.Fourth,clarify the universal and special problems of the community elderly care facility system in Shenzhen.Using the quality of life-community elderly care facility system satisfaction analysis method to clarify the necessity indicators of the Shenzhen community elderly care facility system that lead to the generally low psychological quality of life of the elderly,and to explore the common problems of the system based on the necessity indicators.The factor analysis method is applied to reveal the synergistic differences of the index elements of the three types of community elderly care facility systems,namely,urbanized village community,affordable housing community and commercial housing community,to form new comprehensive indexes.The same method of quality of life-community elderly care facility system satisfaction analysis is applied to find the selectivity indicators of the system that lead to the low quality of life of the elderly in urbanized village community,affordable housing community and commercial housing community.And to explore the differences in the three types of community elderly care facility systems.Finally,based on the well-established problem and optimization problem of the community elderly care facility system in Shenzhen,the system well-established and optimization strategies are proposed.According to the problems of the community elderly care facility system,suggestions for the well-established of the community elderly care facility system in Shenzhen are put forward in combination with the existing policies and expert opinions.Drawing on expert opinions and excellent cases at home and abroad,targeted system optimization strategies are proposed,taking into account the construction conditions of various communities themselves.