Study On The Selection Of Planting And Operation Mode With Under-forest Farmers

Forest is an important part of China’s ecological civilization construction project.In the process of ecological construction during new era,the object of forest economic development has expanded from the forest itself to the under-forest part.Under-forest economy will become the breakthrough of innovative development of forest economy and an important approach by which China’s “Precision Poverty Alleviation Program” is realized.According to official statistics concerning under-forest development mode,more than one third of forest farmers in China chose the mode of under-forest planting as the mode of under-forest economy development.Therefore,under-forest planting has become an important mode of under-forest economy.Nevertheless,under-forest planting,at present,is challenged by problems such as lack of scale effect and shortage of development potential.As the subject of under-forest planting,it is of great significance for forest famers to clarify the factors and mechanisms which influence their behavior decisions,so as to solve the development predicament of under-forest planting and improve the efficiency of under-forest planting.Based on the multi-objective production behavior under different demand preferences,this Paper classified the types of forest farmers.It measured and described the multi-objective behavior of forest farmers from four dimensions: profit maximization,labor input minimization,risk aversion and self-realization of social value,and classified the forest farmers into three types: survival pressure,profit-seeking and social value caring farmers by way of clustering analysis method,and summarized the characteristics of forest farmers of each type.Forest farmers are the behavioral subjects in the decision-making of production and management of under-forest planting.The classification of forest farmer types is the basis for building a decision-making analysis framework for forest farmer’s under-forest planting behavior.Based on the interpretation of behavior decision theory and farmers’ behavior decision theory,the Author deduced that farmers’ behavior conforms to the path“production goal-constraint condition-behavior selection”.Under the framework of this analysis,the behavior process of forest farmers engaged in under-forest planting includes production links and management links,among which production links play a leading role.Firstly,forest farmers choose planting varieties and planting scales,and then make corresponding decisions with respect to the management behavior based on the results of the primary behavior decision results,that is,whether to choose cooperative management.Therefore,the influence mechanism by which forest farmers choose under-forest planting and management mode is a two-stage influence mechanism based on the production mode selection system.With respect to restrictions of selection of farmer production modes,this Paper,based on behavioral decision theory and resource endowment theory,conducted theoretical research from two aspects: selection of under-forest planting varieties and scale,so as to give the internal individual characteristic factors and external environment factors that influence forest farmers’ selection of production modes.In respect of influence mechanism of operating mode selection,this Paper,from the perspective of cooperative motivation and based on behavioral decision theory,game theory and transaction cost theory,described the approach by which the forest farmers select management mode with game model through deducing the selection structure under Nash equilibrium state.Based on theoretical analysis,this Paper,by taking the field survey data in Yunnan Province as samples conducted statistical analysis of farmer’s under-forest planting behavior in the surveyed are,described the characteristics of all forest farmers,and verify the theoretical basis of dividing forest farmers.Meanwhile,by use of Bayesian model averaging(BMA)method,this Paper conducted empirical test analysis of the mechanisms that influence the forest farmers’ selection with respect to production mode and management mode,and obtained the significant factors influencing the forest farmers’ selection in the foresaid links,so as to verify compatibility between the empirical results and the influence path of forest farmers’ under-forest planting production and management mode mentioned above.Finally,based on the results of theoretical and empirical analysis,this Paper puts forward specific policy suggestions to promote the development of under-forest planting economy according to the characteristics of different forest farmers.This Paper researched and found that:(1)Multi-objective production behavior under different demand preferences is the basis for classifying forest farmers.The multi-objective nature of farmers’ behavior may be measured and described from the four dimensions:profit maximization,labor input minimization,risk aversion and self-realization of social value,whereby farmers can be divided into: survival pressure farmers,profit-seeking farmers and social value caring farmers;(2)forest farmers’ selection of production and management modes of under-forest planting includes selection of production mode and management mode,and the production mode is deemed as the foundation.At the same time,the selection of production and management mode under-forest planting is line with the theoretical analysis framework of “production target-constraint condition-mode selection”;(3)The influencing factors of different types of under-forest farmers are as follows:(1)Survival Pressure Farmers: The production mode is mainly planted with crops of ordinary economic value,which is mainly affected by individual factors and family factors in internal characteristics.The mode of operation is mainly individual operation,which is mainly influenced by transaction subject and transaction object.(2)Profit-Seeking Farmers: The production mode is selected as the mixed planting of ordinary cash crops with high-economic value crops under the diversified planting mode,which is mainly affected by the market,capital and technology factors in the external environment.The mode of operation is mainly cooperative,which is affected by the characteristics of transaction object and non-institutional environment.(3)Social Value Caring Farmers: The production mode is dominated by the planting of crops with high economic value of various kinds.The main influencing factors include the market,capital and technology factors in the external environment characteristics and the psychological factors in the internal characteristics.The mode of operation is mainly cooperative,except for market,capital and technology factors,The influence of institutional environment factors is obvious.