Research On Marx’s Critique Of Science And Technology

It is the fundamental pursuit of Marxism to promote the freedom and liberation of human beings and realize the free and all-round development of all people.It is the gist of Marxist philosophy to take"people engaged in practical activities" as the starting point,correctly understand and grasp "the opposition between the real things and the things that should be","discover the new world through criticizing the old world",and then take correct actions to "change the world" Marx’s critical thinking on science and technology is carried out under the guidance of the above goals and ideas.Marx emphasized that the fundamental difference between humans and other animals lies in their ability to produce the means of subsistence they need to survive through labor.Humans can do this because of the creation and use of science and technology in labor.To make science and technology better serve the promotion of social progress,and then serve the realization of human freedom and all-round development,we must fully and profoundly understand science and technology.To understand science and technology comprehensively and profoundly,we must conduct a comprehensive critique and investigation of them in the context of history,reality and future,from the perspective of social criticism,and from the dimensions of intermediary and norm.Marx’s thoughts on science and technology are scattered throughout numerous treatises,notes and letters from his youth to old age,with lofty intentions and richly imaginative content,and are an indispensable part of historical materialism.Based on Marx’s established texts,this article carefully audits and assesses the content relating to science and technology.In addition to the introduction,it includes 5 main parts.In part one,this paper addresses the background and formation of Marx’s critique of science and technology.Marx lived in 19th century Europe.At that time,industrial science and technology flourished and were widely implemented,and "critique" had become the fundamental feature of philosophical thinking.The formation of Marx’s critical thought of science and technology underwent an extended process from inception to development and then to maturity.In part two,this study illustrates the philosophical basis,pertinence and main characteristics of Marx’s critique of science and technology.Starting from "people engaged in prpost-industrial society and opened up a new realm of critical thinking about nature,society and human relationsactical activities",historical materialism revealed the basic structure and development law of,provided a solid philosophical foundation for Marx’s critique of science and technology on the basis of ontology,epistemology,methodology and values,Marx’s investigation of science and technology is combined with his critique of general capitalism.In reality,his investigation and critique mainly addressed the suffering of the working class under the emerging capitalist system.Theoretically,his investigation critiqued the paranoia of utilitarianism and positivism,the "abstract practice" and"abstract man" that German philosophers in the Post-Hegelian era championed,and the hypocrisy of bourgeois political economy.Social critique from the perspective of the humanistic ideals,the combination of the investigation of science and technology and the criticism of capital,and the integration of theoretical analysis and empirical research are the main characteristics of Marx’s science and technology critique.In part three,this study provides the main content of Marx’s critical thinking on science and technology.The content of Marx’s critical thinking on science and technology is extremely rich,mainly involving the relationship between science and technology,the relationship between science and technology and nature,man and society,the alienation of science and technology,and idealized science and technology.Among them,the following three aspects are the core:The first is about science,technology and people.Science and technology are created by humans,and also define humans to create their future.Therefore,science and technology must serve to demonstrate,develop and protect human essence.Only by adhering to this fundamental principle can we correctly view the social role of science and technology and effectively regulate the use and development of science and technology.The second is about science and technology and nature and society.Science and technology are always accompanied by human society,which are an important force for promoting social progress.However,from the perspective of Marx,the capitalist application of science and technology intensified the hostility between people,destroyed the natural basis for human existence,and caused the alienation of science and technology.The essence of the alienation of science and technology is the alienation of labor and the alienation of human essence.The third is about idealized science and technology.Idealized science and technology make the material transformation between man and nature "the least cost" and "the most in line with human nature",which is the unity of the external scale of nature and the internal scale of man,the unity of regularity and purpose.In part four,this survey presents an examination of western scholars’ critical thinking on modern science and technology.Since the death of Marx,science and technology have developed tremendously.Husserl,Heidegger,Marcuse,Habermas,and other ecological Marxists,after Marx,also criticized science and technology.Their critical thinking has had a relatively large academic and social impact.Due to the different levels of development of science and technology in different eras,the social impacts they have produced are different,and the focus of their scientific and technological critique and the conclusions drawn are also quite different from those of Marx.Since these critical reflections all involve the core issue of science and technology and the essence of human beings,they have a certain inheritance relationship with Marx’s critical thinking on science and technology,and are a useful supplement to it and cannot be bypassed.Taking Marx’s critical thinking on science and technology as a guide,examining their critical thinking on science and technology,clarifying its essence and drawing on its essence is extremely beneficial for us to consider the contemporary value of Marx’s critical thinking on science and technology.In part five,this study speculates on the contemporary enlightenment of Marx’s critical thinking on science and technology.Science and technology must serve human liberation and social development,that is,serving the display,development and protection of the potential of humanity,serving the development of productive forces and adjust social relations.This is the core value advocated by Marx’s critical thinking on science and technology.In the contemporary era,the comprehensive competition between political states,centered on scientific and technological innovation,is strongly affecting global economic and political patterns.Artificial intelligence based on information science and biotechnology based on life sciences are developing rapidly.The coming social risks are becoming increasingly prominent.These are the realistic preconditions that must be considered when thinking about the contemporary value of Marx’s critical thinking on science and technology.A deep understanding and a comprehensive grasp of Marx’s critical thinking on science and technology can help establish positive scientific and technological values,risks and development concepts,which has important guiding significance to promote scientific and technological innovation,accelerates the construction of ecological civilizations,and promotes the organic unity of scientific spirit and humanistic spirit.To sum up,Marx’s critical thinking on science and technology has two fundamental dimensions:one is the intermediary dimension,and the other is the normative dimension.We must fully grasp the two dimensions of science and technology,to promote the free and comprehensive development of all people as the most fundamental purpose,and the fulfillment of human potential as an important basis to guide and regulate the development of science and technology.