A Research On Leisure Life In Han Dynasty

Leisure is the product of the development of human society to a certain stage.When people solve the problem of food and clothing,leisure,they began to consciously pursue leisure,to meet the personal spiritual enjoyment.Leisure is an activity that can be carried out freely within a certain period of time,which can bring relaxation and pleasure to people.The study of leisure is helpful to better understand and perceive the level of social material civilization and spiritual civilization,and grasp the social life conditions in a more three-dimensional way.The Han Dynasty was a period when the unified system was fully established,and many aspects such as politics,economy,ideology and culture,folk belief and social atmosphere changed,which brought a particularly significant impact on the development of leisure life.The Han Dynasty promoted the development of leisure life and occupied a special position in the history of leisure in China.In the Han Dynasty,social leisure made great progress.The content and ways of activities increased greatly.The leisure activities of the Han Dynasty were developed from the central Plains and introduced from the surrounding ethnic minority areas and countries in the western regions in various forms.They complement each other,learn from each other,and can adapt to the leisure needs of different social strata,making the leisure life of the Han Dynasty more abundant.Time and space are an integral part of people’s leisure.Compared with the previous dynasties,leisure time in han Dynasty increased,on the one hand,because of the increase in the number of festivals,and the content of the festival gradually secularized,entertainment,on the other hand,because of the change in people’s attitude towards marriage,more attention to marriage,and held feasts,songs and dances to celebrate.In the Han Dynasty,official and folk attitudes to leisure time were different.Once the official of the Han Dynasty found that leisure activities during certain periods were not conducive to social stability or their own authority,they would introduce measures to restrict or guide leisure activities.The folk attitude towards leisure time in the Han Dynasty was mainly reflected through taboos,believing that some days were suitable for leisure activities and some days were not.and there appeared the saying of "evil day" and "evil month".The Han Dynasty also had special places for people to relax,such as li Community,city,garden,street,countryside,hall,courtyard and so on.However,compared with later generations,they are not only less in number,but also not independent.Leisure is the subsidiary function of these places.At the same time,leisure places have strong privacy,and the high-quality leisure activities held by emperors,dignitaries and rich businessmen are generally not open to the common people.Leisure is a way of life,aimed at the pursuit of individual inner pleasure.On the surface,leisure seems to be just a leisure activity,whose function is to make people happy and relax,but in fact,the function of leisure is far more than this.As far as the Han Dynasty is concerned,leisure also had other functions,such as social communication,military training and political struggle.Leisure is the carrier of social communication.Through leisure activities,people can enhance the influence of individuals or families,strengthen communication with family members,clan members or neighbors,and help establish close and friendly relations.In han Dynasty,there were many leisure activities,some of which,especially sports,carried a lot of exercise and were highly competitive,which could enhance personal physical strength and fighting skills,which happened to coincide with the basic requirements of soldiers.Therefore,they became an important part of military training in Han Dynasty,among which hunting,Juedi and cuju were especially valued.With the development of social economy and the change of people’s concept of enjoyment,leisure life in the Han Dynasty also appeared alienation tendency,manifested as extravagance,indulgence and blindness.Extravagance means that in leisure life,people cannot enjoy leisure in a healthy and rational way,but pursue the scale of leisure activities,compare with each other and take pride in luxury.Indulgence mainly refers to the fact that people in the Han Dynasty ignored ethical and legal constraints for personal recreation.Blind to ordinary people,it means that some ordinary people in the Han Dynasty,regardless of their actual situation or financial resources,blindly imitate the leisure activities of the upper society,so as to bring negative impact on personal production and life.Leisure is not equal to all people,there are great differences in leisure between different classes,different regions and different genders.The leisure activities and quality of the upper strata of the society are better than those of the lower strata.The leisure activities of the economically developed regions are more abundant than those of the economically backward regions.In terms of gender,the leisure activities of men in Han Dynasty were more and more fulfilling than those of women,and many leisure activities were considered to be the "patent" of men,with less participation of women.As far as leisure activities are concerned,some leisure activities,especially sports activities,carry a lot of amount of exercise and are dangerous to some extent.Therefore,women tend to stop and participate in them as spectators rather than themselves.Han dynasty lasted for over four hundred years,except individual period,society as a whole has maintained a relatively stable state,the politics is equitable,also obtained the rapid social and economic development,it gives the Han people’s leisure entertainment good social political and economic basis,and raise the level of leisure life,whether the number and size of leisure activities,or the scope of leisure,ways and so on,have made great progress.In Han dynasty the leisure and entertainment atmosphere is very strong,which reached the first peak in ancient Chinese history,also formed a distinctive characteristics of The Times.From the perspective of global history,compared with Rome at the same time,leisure in the Han Dynasty has more obvious features:First of all,leisure is folk.It is relatively official,which means that leisure activities in the Han Dynasty were mainly formed spontaneously by the people,and few were organized or provided by the government.Secondly,it is attached,which means that leisure activities in the Han dynasty mostly depended on sacrificial rites,festivals or both activities,and lacked pure and independent leisure activities.Thirdly,the humanistic nature of leisure refers to the fact that people in the Han Dynasty paid more attention to self-cultivation,emphasized skills and pursuit of"unity of nature and man"in leisure activities,which endowed leisure activities with profound cultural connotation.Finally,the simplicity of leisure refers to the simple form of leisure activities in the Han Dynasty,which can be carried out anytime and anywhere without the need for special places or even professionals.Individuals can organize related activities by themselves or entertain themselves as performers.The reason why the Han Dynasty formed such a unique style of leisure is caused by many reasons,and it is closely related to the political system,economic structure,benevolent political thought and war view at that time.Grasping the characteristics of leisure in Han Dynasty is not only conducive to a better understanding of Han Dynasty society,but also conducive to understanding the genetic differences between eastern and western civilizations.