A Study On The Reciprocal Livelihood Mode And The Social Development Of Border In Multi-ethnic Regions

In history,Hetao area is not only a multi-ethnic area,but also a symbiosis area of various economic life styles.For a long time,the economic and cultural exchanges and interactions among ethnic groups in Hetao region have made the relations between the inland and the border areas,farming and nomadic,commerce and animal husbandry more closely.This paper chooses bayannaur,a border city in Inner Mongolia,the northern border of China as the field investigation point,taking the three major ethnic groups----Han,Mongolia and Hui in the region as the research object,and taking the path of livelihood interaction between ethnic groups as the starting point,discusses the communication,exchange and integration among ethnic groups in the border areas.Through the clues of immigration,trade,state power and modernization,this paper discusses the influence of the modern transformation of grassland nomad,urbanization of farmers and herdsmen,and sharing of commercial network on the construction of the symbiotic relationship between ethnic groups in the frontier society.Since Qing Dynasty,the immigration tide of "walking west entrance"in the Central Plains has been coming to Inner Mongolia border area,bringing the farming civilization of the central plains into nomadic society,which has changed greatly from the living mode,lifestyle,economic mode and culture.The arrival of farming nation has made some nomadic areas become farming areas or half farm and half pastoral areas.The tension and balance of nomadic and farming are constantly adjusted and restructured in the northern border of China.With the implementation of settlement project,immigration project,returning grazing to grassand urbanization,more and more farmers and herdsmen participate in the labor market,and the livelihood mode in nomadic society has appeared new differentiation and division of labor.The state can make nomadic society participate in or be involved in the market economy system by developing market economy.These historical processes have intensified the changes and transformation of nomadic society,and gradually integrated the nomadic society into the national state construction system.At the same time,modernization and urbanization have disrupted the original order of local society and Grassland Society.Farmers and herdsmen entering the city need to adapt to a new set of norms and order,and have the problems of cultural adaptation and "resocialization".In this process,the attitude of changing"self" and absorbing "the other" is very important,so as to better adapt to a new society.Because of the population concentration to the city,the ethnic groups live in a mixed way,and the multi-cultural exchanges are more frequent.In the long-term exchanges and communication,different ethnic groups gradually form a new cultural characteristics and models of sharing,and then produce better interaction.What is hidden is actually the integration of culture.In the same resource field,there will be competition and game among different groups.On the other hand,ethnic groups need each other because of their self realization.They cooperate with each other in the fields of economy,politics,culture and life.At this time,the boundary between ethnic groups is open.In the context of division of labor,cooperation,connection and globalization,the unity,closeness and interaction among ethnic groups are strengthened,thus form a relatively balanced and reciprocal symbiosis.In addition to the introduction,this paper is divided into six chapters,the main contents are as follows.The first chapter summarizes bayannagur’s society and economy,mainly taking the natural geography,historical evolution,ethnic composition and distribution as the basic line,combing the historical context of the development and construction of the area by all forces since Qing Dynasty,and the economic exchanges between the ethnic groups in the process of nomadic to semi farming and semi grazing.The second chapter expounds the changes and transformation of the current nomadic livelihood mode in bayannaur.This paper discusses how Mongolian people gradually move from nomadic production and life style to settlement,and the emergence and development of new animal husbandry economy and non animal husbandry economy in pastoral areas in the process of modernization,and reflects on the impact of the changes and transformation of modern nomadic livelihood modes on the social,cultural and ecological aspects of the pastoral areas.The third chapter discusses the diversification of the livelihood modes of all ethnic groups caused by the influence of urbanization process,and the economic symbiosis of them in the city.The paper discusses the symbiosis of multi economy between Hui and Han,Mongolian and Han.On this basis.,the flow and conflict between ethnic groups in cities are observed.The fourth chapter discusses the commercial network shared by bayannaur ethnic groups.Through the analysis of the industrial chain in the sheep industry network and the coal industrial network in port trade,the paper explores the interaction and exchange among the various ethnic groups and cross-border between them.Chapter five discusses the cultural adaptation and cultural interaction due to the transformation of the livelihood styles and living fields of all ethnic groups.It includes the fields of living customs,festivals,intermarriage,public welfare and charity etc.The sixth chapter is the reflection and summary of the whole paper.Through the historical review and realistic observation of bayannaur,a northern frontier city,this paper discusses the unity of diversity,reciprocity and game,soft boundary and identity,and the integrity of the border society and the central government in multi-ethnic areas from four aspects,such as diversity and unity,reciprocity and game,boundary and identity,center and edge.The conclusion of this paper is that the multi-ethnic social relations always realize "symbiosis" in "complementation",from continuous disorder to orderly adjustment and transformation.The symbiotic order established by the various ethnic groups due to the reciprocal cooperation of the means of livelihood is a balance established from the inside,which has the stability,openness,interaction and relevance.This symbiosis is important to comprehend the Chinese national community consciousness.In the northern border areas of China,this mode of multi-ethnic symbiosis provides a strong guarantee for the social stability and development of the border areas,which has certain typicality.The multi-ethnic symbiosis relationship is of great significance to the national unity,joint construction and social stability in the border areas of China.