Research On Marx’s Modernity Thought And Its Contemporary Significance

The word "modern" originated from the European Renaissance.As modernity in the process of social history,its essence is the result of modern society since the enlightenment.Although the concept of "Modernity" is not explicitly mentioned in Marx’s text works,it can not hide the rich thought of modernity contained in Marx’s theoretical system.With the opening of the new journey of building socialist modernization in an all-round way in contemporary China,as well as Marx’s "Absence" in a sense in the context of modernity discourse,all these show that the research on Marx’s modernity thought and its contemporary value has extremely important theoretical and practical significance in contemporary China.Before studying Marx’s thought of modernity,it is necessary to investigate the etymology of modernity and clarify the concept of modernity itself and related concepts,including modernity and modernization,modernity and modernism,modernity and postmodernism,and introduce the current debate on "Modernity" on this basis.Modernity has rich connotation: it has a strong sense of time;It is a rational reflection on social development;It is a theory based on traditional history;Institutional dimension;It is an unfinished plan.The characteristics of modernity include rationality,paradox,historicity and secularity.For the cognition of modernity,Marx has a multi-dimensional analysis:modernity is inseparable from social history;Contained in capital logic;It runs through social contradictions and internal fission;Reflected in the world.For Marx’s modernity thought,its formation is inseparable from certain social and historical conditions,appearance logic and gradual formation process.In terms of social and historical conditions: the ideological heritage of modernity in European society provides a theoretical source for the origin of Marx’s modernity thought;The European modernization movement is the realistic and objective environment for its formation;The European proletarian revolutionary movement and the change of Marx’s world outlook have become an important driving force for its formation.In the aspect of appearance logic: dialectical materialism is the basic vision of Marx’s modernity thought;Rational spirit and subject consciousness are the original context of his appearance;Political liberation and alienation are the critical direction of his appearance;Economic vision and perceptual activities are the realistic breakthrough of his investigation of modernity.Marx’s thought of modernity is a gradual formation process: before 1843 is the initial stage of its formation;From 1843 to 1845,it was the transformation stage from enlightenment modernity to modernity criticism;From 1846 to 1848 is its formation stage;From 1848 to 1867,it gradually became mature;From 1867 to 1883,Marx’s modernity thought continued to enrich.The theoretical connotation of Marx’s modernity thought mainly starts from the four dimensions of politics,economy,society and humanities,and carries out a systematic investigation of modernity from the perspective of "inheritance criticism transcendence".Political dimension: through the three forms of political state,bourgeois state and social republic in his modern state thought,it reflects his inheritance,criticism and Transcendence in the investigation of modernity.Economic dimension:through its representative economic theories such as social division of labor theory,industrialization thought,competition theory,property right theory and labor value theory,this paper expounds the compound dimension of "inheritance criticism transcendence" of modernity in each economic theory.Social dimension: it mainly analyzes Marx’s modern social development theory and explores its compound investigation of "inheritance criticism transcendence" in terms of modernity.Humanistic Dimension: mainly combined with Marx,from being influenced by humanitarianism and Enlightenment to exposing and criticizing the capitalist alienated world based on human nature,and finally finding the solution to the capitalist modernity crisis-the free man consortium.The examination of human modernity actually runs through all fields of Marx’s modernity thought.With regard to modernity,western theorists have not stopped investigating modernity after Marx.On the basis of the development of western modern society,various Western schools,including Western Marxism and postmodernism,have discussed a series of modernity problems.On the one hand,under the discourse of modernity,on the basis of Marx’s thought of modernity,Western Marxism carries out the social analysis of western modern capitalism through the general judgment of capitalist society,the critical theory of technological rationality and the critical theory of capitalist countries,and discusses the new ways of social revolution in western developed countries.In the analysis of the superstructure and culture of modern society,It highlights the decisive role of subject and consciousness in the history of social development and the importance of man.On the other hand,postmodernism under the discourse of modernity also inherits and develops Marx’s thought of modernity.Through its main theoretical characteristics,such as replacing objectivity with internality,uncertainty with certainty,and process with result,it can express the obvious value orientation of Postmodernism: the exile of "ideal";Deconstruction of "responsibility";Advocating "harmony";Enthusiasm for "innovation".By combing the continuous development of Marx’s Modernity Thought in modern western discourse,put Marx’s Modernity Thought in the western modernity discourse system,compare it with Western Marxism and Postmodernism in Western modernity discourse,and analyze and compare the continuous development and existing deficiencies of Western Marxism and Postmodernism in the context of comparison,It highlights the truth value and lasting vitality of Marx’s modernity thought.In terms of the significance of Marx’s modernity thought to the construction of modernity in contemporary China,firstly,through the analysis of the exploration difficulties and challenges faced by the construction of modernity in contemporary China,it reveals the severe complexity of the construction of modernity in contemporary China.In this context,combined with China’s specific national conditions,this paper explores the important value and significance of Marx’s modernity thought for the construction of modernity in contemporary China from the aspects of economy,politics,culture,society,ecology and methodology.On this basis,combined with the specific practice of contemporary Chinese modernity construction and guided by Marx’s modernity thought,this paper summarizes its principled enlightenment to contemporary Chinese Modernity Construction: maintain a clear "consciousness of Chinese modernity";Establish the holistic concept of modernity;Realize the scientific cognition of the value of modernity through materialist dialectics;Construct modernity with Chinese characteristics.In a word,combing and refining the content related to Modernity in combination with the text of Marx’s works,and re "activating" Marx’s Modernity Thought in contemporary China can make Marx not "absent" in the debate on modernity,which has important theoretical and practical significance.While contemporary China embarks on a new journey of building socialist modernization in an all-round way,we are also facing some difficulties and challenges in the construction of modernity.These objectively require a new theory and practical scheme of modernity construction to appear immediately.In the context of Marx’s modernity thought being "activated",we should scientifically integrate it with the practice of Chinese Modernity Construction: on the one hand,in theory,it will be more conducive to highlight and enrich Marx’s modernity thought;On the other hand,in practice,taking Marx’s modernity thought as the origin,scientifically investigating the modernity construction of contemporary China and reflecting on China’s modernization practice is conducive to us to grasp the theoretical growth point of contemporary China’s modernity construction and promote China’s modernization practice.