Research On Marx And Engels’ Thought Of Human Rights And Its Contemporary Value

Marx and Engels’ thought of human rights is the inheritance and transcendence of the bourgeois human rights theory which put forward by the enlightenment thinkers of the 17 th and 18 th centuries that in the process of opposing theocracy,feudal monarchical power and the hierarchical privilege based on rationality.Marx and Engels gave the theory of the bourgeois human rights scientific dialectical analyzed,which based on the "natural rights",including freedom,equality,democracy as the basic content,though the bourgeois human rights is helpful to promote the development of capitalist economy and which have played the positive role of social competition,at the same time they pointed out that it is the bourgeois ideology which adapted to capitalist economic and political rule,on which they dialysis the relationships of human rights and described the living scene of human under the capitalist system.In the 19 th century,economic crises occurred frequently in capitalist society,the basic social contradictions were fully exposed and the class conflicts became increasingly serious.The inherent conflict between capitalist human rights and democracy and its hypocrisy have clearly exposed its historical limitation and class narrowness of bourgeois human rights.According to the historical materialism philosophy foundation and the dialectical thinking method,focusing on political economy analysis of the capitalist society,Marx and Engels promoted the idea which reflect the proletarian revolution demand that eliminating classes,eliminating private ownership,the establishment of a future society about "free people’s union",who summed up the experiences of struggle of the proletariat,researched on a large number of social history about French and American human rights documents,and realized the transcendence of bourgeois theory of natural rights.Marx and Engels realized the organic combination of value criticism and scientific criticism of capitalist society by unifying the criticism of law philosophy and political economy,which made Marxist view of human rights becoming a new form of human rights with new characteristics and new connotation.Marx and Engels believed that human rights were the production of social history and be developed with the development of economic society,human liberation was the ultimate goal of human rights,and bourgeois human rights were historical rights that should be eliminated in the future,thus creating a new ideology of proletarian human rights.Marx and Engels’ human rights thoughts and the Marxism human rights theory which inherited the innovated on the basis of new practice by socialist countries proletarian revolutionist such as Lenin,that diversified pattern of the international human rights,strengthen cooperation effective in international human rights field and promoted the development of the cause of world human rights progress,had played an irreplaceable role.Thesis consists of introduction,text and epilogue,including five chapters.First introduction.In this part,the research reasons,significance and research status of human rights issues at homeland and abroad are described.Put forward their own research ideas and expected innovation points.(Mainly expounds the theoretical and practical significance and research ideas of this topic.Through the discussion of domestic and foreign research status,to clarify the expected innovation of the paper,reveal the reason of the topic.)Chapter one,the formation process and development of Marx and Engels’ thought of human rights.This paper mainly expounds the social and historical conditions and theoretical soil of the emergence of Marx and Engels’ human rights thought,as well as the overall evolution process of its emergence and development.Chapter two,Marx and Engels’ human rights inherited and transcended of modern bourgeois view of human rights.Specifically,it includes: the formation process of modern bourgeois enlightenment thinkers’ human rights thought and its idealistic philosophical foundation;Marx and Engels’ criticism and inheritance of bourgeois theory of human rights.This chapter specifically introduces the logical process of the transformation of Marx and Engels’ thought of human rights and the proposition of proletarian human rights;It is the transformation process from the new rationalist view of human rights to the proletarian view of human rights based on historical materialism philosophy.Chapter three,Marx and Engels’ dialectical analysis on modern bourgeois human rights.Expounds Marx and Engels’ dialectical analysis on the historical progress and class limitation of modern bourgeois human rights.Using the methods of historical analysis and dialectical analysis,On the one hand Marx and Engels pointed out the progressiveness of the bourgeois view of human rights,including that: It is a sharp weapon against the religious theocracy and feudal hierarchical privilege;Remove the fetters for the development of capitalist of production mode;It promoted the development and progress of modern capitalist political civilization.On the other hand,they points out that It is illusion the theoretical basis of bourgeois human rights of abstract humanism;The inherent conflict between bourgeois human rights ideal and reality;And They are the hypocrisy about Bourgeois human rights and the democracy.And Marx’s analysis on the essence of bourgeois "natural human rights" from the perspective of the critique of political economy.Chapter four,The connotation and characteristics of Marx and Engels’ thought of human rights.This paper expounds the connotation of Marx and Engels’ thought of human rights from four aspects,that is show,how Marx and Engels understand the historical rights and human rights;The connotation of Marx and Engels’ human rights thought includes: the social historicity of human rights;The specificity and non abstraction of human rights;Consistency between human rights and socio-economic and cultural conditions;Unity of human rights and its obligations.So,it illustrates four distinct characteristics of Marx and Engels’ human rights thought,which are different from other types of human rights view.Chapter five,Contemporary value of Marx and Engels’ thought of human rights.This paper discusses the theoretical value and practical value of Marx and Engels’ human rights thought.The theoretical value of Marx and Engels’ human rights thought is discussed from three aspects: the influence on the evolution and change of western human rights theory;Its influence on the determination of common declarations and agreements of human rights in the international community;In terms of practical value,it is instructive to the construction of contemporary Chinese human rights system.Influence on human rights movement in western society;The disclosure of distorted theories such as the so-called "universal values" and "human rights without boundary" of the West,carrying out the "new interventionism" of western developed countries.Answer the causes and essence of contemporary international cooperation and struggle in the field of human rights.The last part discusses mainly expounding the purport of Marx and Engels’ human rights thought--human liberation,and reviewing the human rights issues in human history,summarizing the role and influence of human rights discourse in different stages of human history,looking forward to the future development in the field of international human rights,I would like to send a message on the future of human rights cause and China’s human rights cause--the great dream of “Everyone fully enjoying human rights”.