An Explanation For Marx's Early Theory Of Human Essence

The first formation period of the Marxist Theory of Human Essence begins from August 1835 to December 1843. This period can be further divided into three phases: The first stage is from August 1835, the secondary school graduation, to February 1842 the new preamble period of the doctoral thesis. At this stage, the core of Marxist about the human essence is "self-consciousness is the essence of man." The second stage is from February 1842 to March 1843 namely the "Rheinische Zeitung" period. At this stage the core of Marx's thought on human essence is "Freedom is the essence of man." The third stage is from March 1843 to December 1843. During this period, Marx elaborated the human essence from the perspective of the state, society and human realities of the world. The understanding of the human essence transfers from the abstraction of natural persons into the reality of people. This is a momentum reflects the transformation of Marxist Theory of Human Essence.Marx's theory of the essence of the formation ultimate period is from April 1844 to May 1846, from the "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844" to the "German Ideology", which is also Marxist historical materialism formation period. During this period, Max got the understanding of human nature from the perspective of social activities and social relations. Ultimately, he established the understanding of human nature on the basis of social practice. From the "reality of man"to historical materialism, historical materialism theory of the formation marks the final formation of human essence. In the view of historical materialism, the essence of human nature consists of triple natures which are nature, social nature and the spiritual nature, integrated on the basis of social practice.The biggest change of Marx's understanding of human essence in philosophy is the change in the method of understanding of human. Traditional philosophy way of understanding of human draws on natural universal abstraction, abstracting from the individual rational, spiritual, will, freedom, etc., as human nature. The Marxist way of understanding the conversion from a "man's world", "State", and "society" perspective to understand human essence, that"human essence in its reality is the sum of all social relations" and eventually to the understanding of human essence based on social practice. Using the achievement of "transformation of the mode of understanding of human essence " as the standard, the author divides Marx's early thought about human essence into two stages including the " the initial Conversion of human essence Theory" and "ultimately formation theory of human essence". From the idealist theory of human essence Marx not only formed the ultimately formation of a scientific theory of human essence, but also achieved the formation of historical materialism, changing the ideology perspective on human essence, society and history in traditional philosophy into science perspective of that.